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Digital technologies/3D Scanning

2024-10-08T18:07:43Z

Jasongp3: Added HDR settings

3D scanning is the technology of creating a 3D mesh from some mix of scanning techniques. Most 3D scanners use structured light or laser triangulation to scan what they see and use photogrammetry to create the 3D mesh by combining all the 2D scans together. The mesh can be used to create 3D models of various things and applications. For example, scanning a limb to create a custom prosthetic or scanning components to design a custom case, etc. At the makerspace we have the EinScan Pro X2020 which uses laser triangulation to take 2D scans of an object, and its paired with the EinScan software which complies everything together. Both require the other to work properly but the raw scan files can be imported to other post-processing software as needed.

== How does it work? ==
The EinScan Pro x2020 can be used in a few ways. There's the fixed scan mode, where the scanner remains stationary, and the object is rotated in front of it to get all the sides. Or it can be used in handheld mode, with the scanner being moved around the object and the object remaining stationary. Either way, the software will take all those pictures and create point clouds which can be used to create a 3D mesh of the object. Within the scanning software, light post processing can be done to modify the mesh as needed before exporting it as whatever file type is needed for the next step in the process. This step varies depending on what you are trying to do with the 3D scan.

== Files Types ==
3D scanning by default creates point clouds when scanning. These point clouds are then connected to create a mesh. The raw point clouds can be brought into other software's for post processing, but normally the resulting mesh is the file that is imported and exported between software's. However, directly from the EinScan software, as well as most 3<sup>rd</sup> party software's, the mesh can be exported as other file types like .asc, .stl, .ply, .obj, .3mf and more. For example, to directly print the model it should be exported as an .stl. However if more post processing was to be done or modified in another CAD(computer-aided design) software it could be exported as a .3mf file.

== 3D Scanning in MakerSpace ==
Generally in the MakerSpace, doing a 3D scan consists of choosing a scan type, preparing the scan in the software, prepping the object itself, and scanning the object. The resulting scan can be cleaned up at a basic level in the EinScan software and then exported to a stronger post-processing software for further processing.

=== What Scanner do we have? ===
In the MakerSpace, we have the EinScan Pro 2X 2020 from shining 3D. like the other tools in the space it is free to use and the required software's to use it are provided in the

The EinScan Pro 2X 2020 handheld scanner has a scan area of 150 × 120 mm—250 × 200 mm and works at a minimum point distance of 0.2 mm. It can catch accurate details of either small and medium-sized objects: from 3 to 100 cm in tripod mode and from 30 to 100 cm when handheld.

=== Choosing Scan type ===
When the EinScan software is opened, a scanning method must be chosen. Either fixed or handheld.

A Fixed scan keeps the scanner stationary while the object is rotated on the supplied rotating plate. A Handheld scan keeps the object stationary, and it is the scanner that gets moved around to capture multiple scans from different angles. For smaller objects the Fixed mode should be used whereas for larger objects, the handheld mode should be used.

Further, there's handheld HD scan and handheld Rapid scan. The rapid scan captures less points per second but captures more scans per second so it will create a lower quality but more complete scan faster than the HD scan.

Overall, they are used in the same way. Stationary object, moving scanner.

=== Turntable settings ===
During a fixed scan, the object is placed on a turntable that automatically rotates so that the scanner can capture multiples scans from different angles. The number of steps in the full rotation is user set when prepping the scan. A smaller number of steps takes less time but may result in rougher scan quality (as it has less individual scans to take so less data to use). A higher number of steps will take longer but increase the quality of the scan (as there are more scans to help piece together the overall 3D mesh). A good rule of thumb is to start low around 6-10 and increase the steps as needed if the quality of the scan is too low.

When setting up a object on the turntable, make sure the object is centered on the turn table and is fully viewed by the preview of the scanner. Also verify that is it properly supported to the turntable and that it won’t slip as it turns. If it will, use some sticky tack to temporarily stick the object down.

=== HDR (High Dynamic Range) Settings ===
The HDR (high dynamic range) settings alter the level of contrast that the scanner will use to detect an object as it flashes light during the scans. A lower HDR won’t pick up as much contrasting details. There is a preview in the program that shows what will most likely get picked up shown in red that can be used to ensure the object being scanned is properly captured. In short, if there are more colours, a higher HDR should be chosen to ensure they all get properly scanned.

Digital technologies

2024-09-24T18:46:42Z

Jasongp3: /* Other resources */ linked 3D scanning page

Below you can find sections of different digital technologies, based on their level.

==[[Digital technologies/3D printing|3D printing resources]]==
Modern printing technology has enabled the accurate printing of nearly any shape in a wide variety of materials, with many different printing methods to choose from. Selecting a print method will depend on the application, material, and budget used. Materials vary from almost any metal alloy, thermoplastics, ceramics, paper, edibles, rubbers, and clay. Printing methods include extrusion (heating material and forcing through a nozzle), powder bed (placing powdered material and using adhesive or melting to attach), and light polymerized (using UV light to polymerize material on a build plate). 3D Printers utilize an onboard controller to control the printer head and build plate in order to print each 2D layer in the right order and position. In addition, most 3D printers have downloadable software (slicers) that allows a user to position a 3D model on a virtual build platform, as well as adjust the printer’s settings for the build before sending the data to the printer. These 3D models used by the software can be generated using [[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D modeling- Beginner|CAD (computer-aided design)]] methods, laser scanning, or photogrammetry, although CAD is typically used in conjunction with the latter two to refine the output from these methods.

===3D printing===

*[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Beginner|3D Printing- Beginner]]
**Basic understanding of 3D printing and 3D printers
**Ability to slice and start a print on an Ultimaker 2+ printer
**Basic ability to troubleshoot a print
*[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Intermediate|3D Printing- Intermediate]]
**Basic understanding of custom slicer settings and print orientation
**Basic understanding of print post processing
**Basic understanding of dual extrusion prints
**Basic understanding of different slicer software
**Intermediate understanding of printer functions
**Intermediate troubleshooting abilities
*[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Advanced|3D Printing- Advanced]]
**Ability to use all materials available at the Makerspace
**Ability to use all Makerspace printers
**Ability to print large components (print optimizations)
**Advanced understanding of 3D printing extrusion
**Proficient with UM2+ settings

===3D modeling (for 3D printing)===

*[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D modeling- Beginner|3D modeling- Beginner]]
**Basic knowledge of 3D modelling in TinkerCAD
**Basic knowledge of model modifications in TinkerCAD
*[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D modeling- Intermediate|3D modeling- Intermediate]]
**Proficient 3D modelling skills in TinkerCAD
**Basic ability in parametric CAD modelling softwares
*[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D modeling- Advanced|3D modeling- Advanced]]
**Subdividing large models for 3D printing
**Basic understanding of one or more modelling softwares
**Basic understanding of 3D scanning and Scan to CAD

==[[Digital technologies/Laser cutting|Laser cutting resources]]==
Laser cutting uses a high-powered beam to cut material based on computer-controlled parameters. As the laser guides its beam along the material, everything in its direct path is vaporized, burned or melted. One of the benefits of laser cutting technology is the cut product rarely needs any finishing work as this process ensures a high-quality surface finish. A graphics software is used to import or create designs that are meant to be cut.

===Laser cutting===

*[[Digital technologies/Laser cutting/Laser cutting- Beginner|Laser Cutting- Beginner]]
*[[Digital technologies/Laser cutting/Laser cutting- Intermediate|Laser Cutting- Intermediate]]
*[[Digital technologies/Laser cutting/Rotary Laser Engraving|Rotary Laser Engraving]]

===Vector graphics editor===

*[[Digital technologies/Laser cutting/Vector graphics- Beginner|Vector Graphics- Beginner]]

*

==[[Digital technologies/Arduino|Arduino resources]]==
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform that provides an easy and accessible way to make robotics projects. The boards can receive input signals from sensors and produce outputs through its I/O pins. Arduino boards are used by a diverse set of people, including students, hobbyists, engineers, researchers due to the simple layout and programmability of the Arduino boards.

*[[Digital technologies/Arduino/Arduino- Beginner|Arduino- Beginner]]
** Basic understanding of programming
** Ability to control few components such as LEDs
** Basic understanding of how sensors work
** Basic understanding of the Arduino board

==[[Digital technologies/Soldering|Soldering resources]]==
Soldering allows you to create permanent/semi-permanent connection in any electrical circuit, this makes it ideal for later iterations of a project!
*[[Digital technologies/Soldering/Soldering- Beginner|Soldering- Beginner]]

==[[Digital technologies/Virtual reality|Virtual reality resources]]==

*[[Digital technologies/Virtual reality/Virtual reality- Beginner|Virtual Reality- Beginner]]
*[[Digital technologies/Virtual reality/Unity Project Resources|Unity Project Resources]]

==[[Digital technologies/Textiles|Textile resources]]==

*[[Digital technologies/Textiles/Embroidery- Beginner|Embroidery- Beginner]]
*[[3D printing on Fabric]]
*[[Die-cutting using Cricut]]

==Other resources==

*[[Raspberry Pi]]
*[[PCB milling machine]]
*[[Vacuum Forming]]
*[[3D Scanning]]

Digital technologies/3D Scanning

2024-09-24T18:45:41Z

Jasongp3: Created 3D scanning page, rest of doc coming soon as well as pictures once I figure out how to download images from a docs file

Digital technologies

2024-09-24T16:14:06Z

Jasongp3: Adding the 3D scanning wiki, no links yet