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Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Intermediate

2025-07-29T20:31:09Z

Abbywilson13: /* How to Dual Colour Print with an UltiMaker 3 */ changed heading

This page will focus on intermediate 3D printing skills. You should be familiar with [[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Beginner|3D Printing- Beginner]] before continuing.

==[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Intermediate/Types of printers|Types of printers]]==

===Printers===
{{#lsth:Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Beginner|Which 3D printers do we have?}}
There are many different types of 3D printers that exist. Theses printers can be primarily categorized into 7 categories:

# Material Extrusion
# Vat Polymerization
# Powder Bed Fusion
# Material Jetting
# Binder Jetting
# Directed Energy Deposition
# Sheet Lamination

[[File:Material Extrusion .png|thumb|Material Extrusion ]]
Material extrusion is the most commonly used 3D printing method. It refers to 3D printing where the material is extruded through a nozzle on to a build plate in a pre-determined path and the material solidifies into a solid object. Typically, the material used are plastic such as PLA and ABS. It is usually the most cost-effective 3D printing option, however, it does not provide the best dimensional accuracy. The material properties of printed object is also not that great compared to other methods. The FDM printers in Makerspace are a good example of material extrusion 3D printing.
[[File:Vat Polymerization .png|thumb|Vat Polymerization ]]
[[File:Powder Bed Fusion.png|thumb|Powder Bed Fusion]]
Vat polymerization also known as resin 3D printing uses a light source to selective cure photopolymer resin in a vat. The build plate is moved vertically once the first layer of the print is cured. This is done layer by layer until the entire object is built. After the printing process, the object is cleaned of the remaining liquid resin and cured to ensure the mechanical properties of the part. The most common form of vat polymerization is stereolithography (SLA).

SLA is the oldest form of 3D printing technology. SLA printers use mirrors known as galvanometers with one on the X-axis and one on the Y-axis. The galvanometers aim the laser beams across a vat of resin, curing and solidifying a cross-section of the object inside the building area. Resin 3D printing allows for smoother surface finish with finer feature details. Makerspace offers resin 3D printing through Elegoo printers.
[[File:Material Jetting.png|thumb|Material Jetting]]
Other forms of resin printing include digital light processing (DLP) and liquid crystal display (LCD). DLP 3D printing uses a digital light projector instead of a laser beam like SLA printers. The digital projector screen flashes an image of a layer across the platform. This cures all points simultaneously. LED screens or a UV source is used to project light onto the resin. This light is directed to the build surface by a digital micromirror device (DMD). LCD 3D printing is also called masked stereolithography (MSLA) is similar to DLP above. Instead of a DMD, LCD printers uses an LCD screen. LCD is a newer technology designed to be an affordable alternative to DLP and stereolithography. It cures an entire layer of resin at once using an array of ultraviolet LED as a light source. It uses an LCD to selective mask UV light so that only selected areas are cured.
[[File:Binder Jetting.png|thumb|Binder Jetting ]]
[[File:Directed Energy Deposition.png|thumb|Directed Energy Deposition ]]
Powder bed fusion printers spread a thin layer of powdered material over a print bed which is melted (typically by a laser). This process is repeated with the powder layer fusing at specific points with the previous layer until the object is completed. The final product is encased and supported in unfused powder. This method is great for parts with complex geometries however it has a higher machine cost with higher material cost. It often results in slower build rates.

Material jetting involves tiny droplets of material that are deposited onto the build plate. The droplets are cured when exposed to light. This process is repeated layer by layer. This process allows for different materials to be printed in the same object. It can create textured surface finish. However, the process has limited materials and often have weaker mechanical properties with a higher process cost.

Binder jetting uses a liquid bonding agent that selectively binds layers of powder together. The printer nozzle will pass over the print bed and selective deposit droplets of binding agent on the powder layer. This process combines powder bed fusion and material jetting.
[[File:Sheet Lamination .png|thumb|Sheet Lamination ]]
Directed energy deposition is a process where material is fed and fused at the same time as it is deposited. This is typically only performed on metal material. It is very similar to welding. This process is often used to repair or add features to metal objects by printing on pre-existing metal objects.

Sheet lamination is technically considered a form of 3D printing. However, it differs significantly from the other methods mentioned above. It stacks and laminates sheets of very thin material together to produce a 3D object. The stack can also be cut mechanically or by lasers to create the final shape. There are many ways fuse the material layers such as heat and sound. Since material is fused together then cut, this way of 3D printing generates much more waste than other technology.

Each brand of printer will have a different slicer and way of starting the prints which is explained in the following sections.

===Slicers===
There are many different slicers that can be used. Typically each 3D printer company will have its own 3D slicer software. For example, within Makerspace Ultimaker Cura is the typical slicer used for the Ultimaker printers. For more information about each slicer click on the "More Info" button under each printer below.

=== Our Printers ===

The following are the printers available for use at the Makerspaceː {{PrinterInfobox
| name = Ultimaker 2+
| image = Ultimaker2+.png
| slicerName = Cura
| slicerLink = https://ultimaker.com/cura
| materials = PLA, ABS, Flexible, etc
| minLayerHeight = 0.06
| heatedBuildPlate = Yes
| float = none
| buildWidth = 223
| buildDepth = 223
| buildHeight = 205
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/Ultimaker_2%2B
}}

{{PrinterInfobox
| name = Ultimaker 3
| image = Ultimaker3.png
| slicerName = Cura
| slicerLink = https://ultimaker.com/cura
| materials = PLA, PVA, Flexible, etc
| minLayerHeight = 0.02
| heatedBuildPlate = Yes
| float = none
| buildWidth = 215
| buildDepth = 215
| buildHeight = 200
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/Ultimaker_3
}}

{{PrinterInfobox
| name = MakerBot Replicator 2
| image = Replicator2.png
| slicerName = MakerBot Print
| slicerLink = https://support.makerbot.com/s/article/MakerBot-Desktop-Download
| materials = PLA
| minLayerHeight = 0.1
| heatedBuildPlate = No
| float = none
| buildWidth = 285
| buildDepth = 153
| buildHeight = 155
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/MakerBot_Replicator_2
}}

{{PrinterInfobox
| name = Dremel 3D20
| image = Dremel-3D20.png
| slicerName = DigiLab 3D
| slicerLink = https://digilab.dremel.com/3D-software
| buildVolume = 230 × 150 × 140 mm
| materials = PLA
| minLayerHeight = 0.1
| heatedBuildPlate = No
| float = none
| buildWidth = 230
| buildDepth = 150
| buildHeight = 140
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/Dremel_3D20
}}

{{PrinterInfobox
| name = Raise3D N2 Plus
| image = Raise3D_N2_Plus.png
| slicerName = ideaMaker
| slicerLink = https://www.raise3d.com/pages/download
| buildVolume = 304.8 × 304.8 × 609.6 mm
| materials = PLA, ABS, PVA, Flexible
| minLayerHeight = 0.01
| heatedBuildPlate = Yes
| float = none
| buildWidth = 305
| buildDepth = 305
| buildHeight = 605
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/Raise3D_N2_Plus
}}

{{PrinterInfobox
| name = FLsun v400
| image = Flsun v400.jpg
| slicerName = Cura
| slicerLink = https://ultimaker.com/cura
| buildVolume = ⌀300 × 410 mm
| materials = PLA, ABS, Flexible, etc
| minLayerHeight = 0.05
| heatedBuildPlate = Yes
| float = none
| buildWidth = 300
| buildDepth = 300
| buildHeight = 410
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/Flsun_v400
}}

{{PrinterInfobox
| name = Markforged Mark Two
| image = Mk2.png
| slicerName = Eiger
| slicerLink = https://www.eiger.io/signin
| buildVolume = 320 × 132 × 154 mm
| materials = Nylon, Onyx, Carbon Fiber, Fiberglass, Kevlar
| minLayerHeight = 0.1
| heatedBuildPlate = No
| float = none
| buildWidth = 320
| buildDepth = 132
| buildHeight = 154
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/Markforged_Mark_Two
}}

{{PrinterInfobox
| name = Stratasys Dimension SST 1200es
| image = Dimension-1200es.jpg
| slicerName = GrabCAD Print
| slicerLink = https://grabcad.com/print
| buildVolume = 254 × 254 × 305 mm
| materials = ABS, Soluble support
| minLayerHeight = 0.254
| heatedBuildPlate = Yes
| float = none
| buildWidth = 254
| buildDepth = 254
| buildHeight = 305
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/Stratasys_Dimension_SST
}}

{{PrinterInfobox
| name = Stratasys F170
| image = stratasys-f170.jpg
| slicerName = GrabCAD Print
| slicerLink = https://grabcad.com/print
| buildVolume = 254 × 254 × 254 mm
| materials = PLA, ABS, ASA, TPU, Soluble support
| minLayerHeight = 0.127
| heatedBuildPlate = Yes
| float = none
| buildWidth = 254
| buildDepth = 254
| buildHeight = 254
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/Stratasys_F170
}}

{{PrinterInfobox
| name = Elegoo Saturn 2 8k
| image = elegoo saturn 2.jpg
| slicerName = ChituBox
| slicerLink = https://www.chitubox.com/en/download/chitubox-free
| buildVolume = 218.88 × 123.12 × 250 mm
| materials = Standard, ABS-like, rubber, etc
| minLayerHeight = 0.01
| heatedBuildPlate = No
| float = none
| buildWidth = 218.88
| buildDepth = 123.12
| buildHeight = 250
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/Elegoo_Saturn2
}}

#

==[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Intermediate/Custom Slicer Settings|Custom Slicer Settings as an Intermediate User]]==
In the beginner section of 3D printing, basic slicer settings such as layer height, infill percentage, supports and adhesion have<s>s</s> been introduced. In this section, more advanced settings such as print speed, nozzle size, adhesion type (…etc) will be discussed.

In order to start customizing your slicer settings, you will have to access the setting menu. To do so, make sure you are in the prepare view. Click on the dropdown triangle in the top right hand corner. You will be shown the recommended settings automatically. Then select the custom button at the bottom to further customize your options.

<youtube>gHUxuMe-plYc</youtube>

===How to Modify Parameters===

====Layer Height====
Layer heights are generally changed to increase printing speed. A larger layer height means a faster print as the printer can print less layers to achieve the final height. However, increasing layer height will decrease the resolution and quality of the print. Therefore, increasing layer height should only be done on larger prints without fine details. It is recommended to keep the layer height between 25%-75% of the nozzle diameter and a 50% nozzle diameter is generally what is used as the layer height. If the layer height is too low, it can result in the plastic being pushed back into the nozzle creating a blockage. If the layer height is too high, it can be difficult for the layers to stick to each other.

Within the 3D printing community, there are discussions of “the magic number”. This refers to the increments of layer heights that provides the most efficient prints. It considers the mechanical properties of the printer stepper motors. It takes the ‘steps’ that the stepper motor travel in as layer height intervals. So the layer heights are set as multiples of these ‘steps’. In the case of the Ultimaker printers, the magic number is 0.04mm.

====Walls ====
There are many things that can be customized within the wall settings. Cura also allows the user to customize wall line count which is the number of passes the nozzle will perform for the walls. Changing this value will automatically change the value for wall thickness. However, users can change the value manually as well. Typical values for wall thickness are chosen depending on the purpose of the print and the material used. Generally the default values of 0.8mm-1.6mm (3-4 wall lines) should be sufficient for typical prints. The wall thickness should be set at multiples of nozzle size for ideal printing. If the strength of the part is crucial, use larger values for wall thickness such as 2-3mm. If the model has fine details where strength is not required, wall thickness can be reduced to 0.4mm. The user can also customize horizontal expansion value. This setting is used to compensate for the horizontal shrinkage of the print. It will add the input value to either side of the XY plane. This option is typically enabled when printing material that will shrink when cooled and dimensional accuracy is required. It is unnecessary for PLA printing.

====Top/Bottom====
Top and bottom layers are the layers at the top and bottom of the 3D model. In Cura, top and bottom thickness can be adjusted and customized. Similarly to wall thickness, this can be adjusted by the number of layers or by the thickness value. The thicker the layers are the stronger the model would be. The thicker the layers are will also increase the watertightness of the model. However, this means that the model will use more material and take a longer time to print. It is usually recommended that the Top/Bottom Layer Thickness should be at least 1-1.2mm thick, ensure that it is a multiple of the layer height which will prevent print defects.

====Infill====
In the previous section, the recommended infill percentage was discussed. In this section, infill pattern can also be customized. There are 14 different patterns to choose from.

<youtube>e6es3gT15HA</youtube>

Lightning, lines, zig-zag are best used to print models and figurines with a typical 0-15% infill. This is because they don’t require the prints to have a high strength as they are not subjected to rough handling or put under stress. The three patterns result in the fastest prints. Grid, triangles and tri-hexagon are used for typical 3D prints with infill density for 15-50%. It is suitable for prints with low stress. Choosing these patterns may increase print time by up to 25% when compared to lines. If the print is functional such as a shelf bracket that requires strength in multiple directions, cubic, cubic subdivision, quarter cubic, octet and gyroid are great options. Many times these patterns are also chosen for infill densities smaller than 50% for their aesthetics. Concentric, cross and cross 3D are often chosen for flexible filament prints.

====Print Speed====
The basic print speed settings control the speed of all stages of the printing process. However, the speed of each stage can be further customized in the advanced settings. This includes infill speed, wall speed, travel speed etc. The ways in which the print speed will affect the final print are not always obvious. If the print speed is set too fast, the printer might not be able to dispense enough material through its nozzle per unit of time to fill the desired volume with the required amount of material. This can lead to bad adhesion between layers or even a complete lack of adhesion to layers. Therefore, it is important to consider the ratio between layer height and layer speed. The Ultimaker 2+ in Makerspace are capable of achieving speeds of up to 300mm/s. However, this is not recommended as it significantly reduces the quality of the print. Realistically it is possible to print reliably using about 70-80mm/s depending on the material and the model.

The ways in which the print speed will affect the final print are not always obvious. If the print speed is too high, the printer might not be able to dispense enough material through its nozzle per unit of time to fill the desired volume with the required amount of material. This can lead to bad adhesion between layers or even a complete lack of adhesion to layers. The ratio of layer height to layer speed (i.e.: material outflow through the nozzle) should therefore always be considered when FDM printing (the exact subject though being more of an intermediate subject). When making parts that will bear loads, print speeds are increasingly important as layer adhesion becomes an important factor in the strength of the final part, so much so that parts may be annealed (uniformly re-heated through a controlled process) to obtain better properties across layers.<ref>Agnieszka Szust, Grzegorz Adamski, ''Using thermal annealing and salt remelting to increase tensile properties of 3D FDM prints'', Engineering Failure Analysis, Volume 132, 2022, 105932, ISSN 1350-6307, <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.105932</nowiki>.</ref>

==== Travel====
Retraction is enabled when the printer has to travel between two printed parts. Without retraction, the extruded material will hang between the parts. Enabling retraction prevents the “stringing” of the extruded material which will result in a cleaner model. Enabling Z-hop when retracted will move the build plate down by the set value when retraction is performed. This will prevent the nozzle from hitting the object or damaging the print surface. However, adding additional nozzle travel will increase the print time.

====Cooling====
[[File:Supports.png|thumb|378x378px]]
The fans allow the material to cool properly before the next layer is printed. By enabling the fans, it will allow layers with short layer time and those with bridges/overhangs to have a better print quality. Fan speed can be adjusted based on the needs of the print. A higher print speed means better cooling and reduces the oozing of the material.

====Supports====
Supports were introduced in the beginner module of 3D printing. In this section, further details of support will be explained. Typically supports are used when there is an overhang in the design. There are two options when implementing supports, support structures need to touch the build platform or touch the top of the model. The default settings have the supports touching the build plate only. However, this can be changed to have supports touching everywhere. This can be useful as it increases the support area but it can be extremely difficult to remove supports that are on the printed objects. The support overhang angle can also be changed. Generally, supports are printed for overhang greater than 60 degrees. If the object is printed at a slow speed, the overhang angle might need to be lowered than if printing at a higher speed. Your design can also be altered to reduce supports. Filet and chamfer sharp angles which will reduce overhang angles and increase the quality of the print. You can also consider splitting your print into multiple parts to be assembled afterwards.

====Adhesion====
[[File:Adhesion.png|left|thumb|413x413px|(left to right) skirt, brim, and raft]]
There are three types of adhesion, skirt, brim and raft. Brim adds a single layer flat area around the base of the print model which prevents warping. This is the default adhesion type. The brim is connected to the model making the bottom surface area bigger. It not only increases the adhesion of the model to the build plate, but it also prevents the corners of the model from curling. Materials with high potential for shrinking such as ABS will benefit from a brim. Models with a large base or a thin bottom should also use a brim adhesion. As raft adhesion adds a thick grid with a roof between the model and the build plate. This is typically used when the bottom surface of a model is not completely flat or has little area to adhere to the build plate. A skirt is a line printed around the model on the first layer. It is typically not used to help the print adhere but used to prime the nozzle and check for bed leveling.

==[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Intermediate/Dual Colour and Dual Extrusion|Dual Colour and Dual Extrusion]]==
Dual colour prints refer to a technique that can print multiple colour<ins>s</ins> on one model using one nozzle head. This is achieved by switching the filament during the printing process. Dual extrusion refers to printing a model with 2 nozzle<ins>s</ins> to extrude two different filament<ins>s</ins>. This will allow for mixing colours, gradients, or patterns. It can also print models using two different material<ins>s</ins> for different parts of the object for complex geometries that would otherwise be difficult to achieve.

<youtube>QRroBtNXDvc</youtube>

Dual colour prints are achievable using the Ultimaker 2+ printers. In order to change the colour during the print, a script is added to the g-code telling the printer to stop the print at a certain instance. This is done during the slicing process in Cura.

#Click on “Extensions” in the top menu bar.
#Select “Post-processing” -> “Modify g-code”.
#Click on “Add a script”
#Select “Pause at height”

At this point, there will be many different settings to modify. First, determine if you would like to pause at a height value (mm) or at a layer number. Choosing a layer number would be a simpler option in ensuring that the print ends when a full layer is completed. The layer number can be seen in the “Preview” mode on Cura. The model can then be sliced like normal. Once the print stops, the material can be changed (ask the staff) to complete the print in a different colour<ins>.</ins>

=== How to Dual Colour Print with an UltiMaker 3 ===
Step by step process for printing with an UltiMaker 3.

To do dual extrusions, we need to get two separate 3D models (if they are part of the same part they can be merged later)

Open Cura and make sure the printer selected is Ultimaker 3. If not, change it by clicking on the printer drop down menu (top left) and selecting the right one. Printers can also be added by clicking on “Add printer.”
[[File:Ump3.jpg|center|thumb]]

Open the two models in Cura by opening the file explorer tab in the top left corner beside the printer's name. You can also go on “File -> Open files (CTRL +O).”
[[File:Ump3.1.jpg|center|thumb]]

The next step is to set the print core and the materials. You can do that by clicking on the sidebar print core option as shown below. Both print cores should be set at AA 0.4. Material is set to PLA by default, but you can change by going under material and selecting one of the approved printing materials.

The colour of the filament loaded in the printer will determine the two colours of your print therefore there is no need to choose the colour on Cura.
[[File:Ump3.2.jpg|center|thumb]]
At this point we need to assign a print core to each one of the two models. All objects are set to be printed with the print core 1 by default. If you want to change the print core, select the model by clicking on it. Next, select Per Model Settings (on the left side of the screen), then Print Model with Print Core 2.
[[File:Ump3.3.jpg|center|thumb]]

After the print core settings are done, you can merge the two parts of your model together. First, you select both parts by holding shift and left clicking both parts. They should be outlined in blue. Then right click and select “Merge Models.”
[[File:Ump3.4.jpg|center|thumb]]

If you are using recommended mode, it just becomes a single model, and you can adjust different settings as you would do for a single extrusion. The changes will be applied to both settings at the same time. If you need to adjust settings for one print core, you need to switch to custom mode.
[[File:Ump3.5.jpg|center|thumb]]

The last step is slicing by clicking “Slice” and save the gcode on a USB stick which will be inserted into the printer. Put the USB stick into the printer, select “Print.” The printer will read the drive and display the available gcodes. Select your file and the print will start.
[[File:Ump3.6.jpg|center|thumb]]

==[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Intermediate/Print Orientation|Print Orientation]]==
<youtube>OqRbSkX5IJk</youtube>

Print orientation is crucial to the success of the 3D model print. It heavily influences the speed and quality of the result. There are many different factors to consider when choosing how to orient your print.

Understand the build volume of the printer. The print needs to be oriented in a way that it will physically fit in the printer when printed. If the print is too big, the model can be divided into multiple parts to be printed separately. The Ultimaker 2+ printers have a build volume of 223 x 223 x 205mm.

To determine which face of your design should face down on the build plate, it is important to choose the best face for stability and bed adhesion. This is typically a face that is large enough to provide stability and a flat surface to minimize the need for build plate adhesion.

It is also important to consider the mechanical stresses that your part will experience. Orient the part so that the direction of minimum applied stress is along the build direction (vertical). The build direction is typically weaker since it relies on the bond strength between layers rather than the strength of the material. The print should also be oriented to minimize print time and supports used. These two factors are connected as the more supports needed, the longer the print will be. 

==[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Intermediate/Post-Processing 3D prints|Post-Processing 3D prints]]==
 There are a number of post processing possibilities with 3D printed models. The options available are dependent on the material used. In this section, post-processing possibilities for PLA that are available in the Makerspace will be explored. The video below will explain the basics of post-processing. Everything used in the video is available at the finishing station in the Makerspace.

<youtube>l6dI3RDorwk</youtube>
<youtube>ZTE9bJyUO_8</youtube>

The most basic post-processing procedure is support removal. The Ultimaker 2+ printers in Makerspace are single extruder printers which means the supports are printed using the same material as the main model. Typically, the supports are easily removed by breaking them off the printed model. However, when supports are placed in tight corners or hard to reach places, additional tools such as pliers will be needed to remove the material. Dual extruder printers will allow you to print the supports with a different soluble material than the main part. This means the difficult to remove supports can be dissolved away by soaking it in another liquid.

Another basic procedure is sanding. 3D printed parts will often have rough surfaces from the layers. Sanding is the easiest way to create a smooth surface. At the finishing station, there are sandpaper of different grit sizes to sand down your model. There are also files at the station for edges and holes. It is important to sand the surfaces in circular motions to ensure the aesthetics of the model.

Gluing the model is one of the most common post-processing options to attach parts together. There are many glue options available at the Makerspace, including super glue and hot glue. Hot glue is easy to use but it will leave a visible gap as 2-3mm of glue is needed to secure the parts together. Hot glue is also not very strong. Super glue is a good option for a seamless seal that cures fast.

Painting is one of the most common finishing processes. The model needs to be primed first before being painted. The model should be sanded with a low and then medium grit sandpaper. Prime the model with a coat of primer paint. Once everything is dry, you can start painting your model with other colors. Acrylic paint and paintbrushes are available to use at Makerspace.

==[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Intermediate/Bed Levelling, Filament Change|Bed Levelling, Filament Change]]==

===Bed Levelling===
<youtube>0shirFB7o1s</youtube>

If the printer is not printing properly (especially if the issue is noticeable on the very first layers of the print, where a difference in the layer height is noticeable), the build plate level may need to be adjusted. For minor adjustments, this can be done by using the three knobs (thumb screws) on the underside of the plate. For more major adjustments (>1mm), the build plate should be leveled through the printer’s onboard software by going to Maintenance→Build Plate, and following the onscreen instructions. If unsure, always use the latter method. The calibration cards needed are at the finishing station. However, in Makerspace, bed levelling should only be performed by the staff.

===Filament Change===
<youtube>9v1w_dmpLu0</youtube>

To change the filament on an Ultimaker 2+ printer, go to Material→Change in the printer’s user interface and follow the onscreen instructions. If ever the filament has almost run out, or if you desire to change the color of a print midway, you may navigate to Pause→Change Material and following the onscreen instructions. If changing mid-way, it is recommended that the older filament be completely purged from the nozzle using the new filament. Otherwise, the result will not be good. Again, within the Makerspace, this should only be done by the staff working.

==[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Intermediate/Selecting Nozzle Sizes|Selecting Nozzle Sizes]]==
[[File:Nozzle Size.png|thumb]]
Nozzle size is the first decision to make when 3D printing. Within Makerspace, there are four options of nozzle size using the Ultimaker 2+, 0.25mm, 0.4mm, 0.6mm, and 0.8mm. Choosing between the options depends on the fine details of the model and the print speed required.

*A smaller nozzle size will allow for finer details and better dimension accuracy. However, it will also take longer to print the model.
*A larger nozzle can provide faster print time and also create stronger prints.
*A smaller nozzle diameter can cause it to be more difficult to print with overhangs as each layer has less width to adhere to the next one.
*However, with a smaller nozzle, the supports are easier to remove as the printer will use less material for supports making it easier to break away.
*A larger nozzle is able to print with less infill as the walls would be thicker to ensure strength.

==[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Intermediate/Troubleshooting|Troubleshooting]]==

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-CMotQ-nqI&t=249s
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Issue (symptom)'''
|'''Possible Cause (diagnosis)'''
|'''Potential Fix (cure)'''
|-
|Warping
|Not enough/too much model base surface contact to the print bed
|Add build plate adhesion such as a brim or a raft. Refer to adhesion section for further explanation.
|-
| rowspan="3" |Bad adhesion
|Dirty build plate
|Clean off the build plate first. Debris and oils from your fingers can cause difficulties for the material to stick.
|-
|Not enough/too much model base surface contact to the print bed
|Add build plate adhesion such as a brim or a raft.
|-
|Uneven print bed/Bed too far from nozzle at initial layer
|This is the least likely possibility. Relevel the build plate. Ask a Makerspace staff for more details.
|-
| rowspan="2" |No extrusion
|No filament
|Replace filament spool. Ask a Makerspace staff to replace the filament spool.
|-
|Filament clog
|Keep in mind that it is uncommon that this is the actual cause of lack of extrusion. Ask a Makerspace employee to assist with further diagnosis.
|-
| rowspan="3" |Underextrusion
|The forwarding mechanism (gearbox) ground through the filament
|Move the filament out of the forwarding mechanism. Use the change material feature to speed up the removal. While the mechanism is whirring to remove the material, pull slightly on the filament, at the back of the printer for the mechanism to grab. Break the filament clean off at the section where the filament was ground, clean up the end by cutting it off. Re-forward the material into the printer, making sure the right material is chosen in the menu.
|-
|Wet (very brittle) filament
|Remove wet section of the filament (0.25 to 0.5m length) and re-load. Ask a Makerspace staff for further support.
|-
|Filament clog
|Keep in mind that it is uncommon that this is the actual cause of lack of extrusion. Ask a Makerspace employee to assist with further diagnosis.
|-
|Print not level
|Model not well seated on bed (in slicer)
|Use the snap to bed feature in your slicer (when available), add a brim to preview which flat sections are well seated on the bed
|-
|Drooling
|No supports when needed
|Add supports. Refer to the supports section.
|}

==References==
<references />

Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Intermediate

2025-07-28T17:41:46Z

Abbywilson13: /* How to Dual Colour Print with an UltiMaker 3 */

This page will focus on intermediate 3D printing skills. You should be familiar with [[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Beginner|3D Printing- Beginner]] before continuing.

==[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Intermediate/Types of printers|Types of printers]]==

===Printers===
{{#lsth:Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Beginner|Which 3D printers do we have?}}
There are many different types of 3D printers that exist. Theses printers can be primarily categorized into 7 categories:

# Material Extrusion
# Vat Polymerization
# Powder Bed Fusion
# Material Jetting
# Binder Jetting
# Directed Energy Deposition
# Sheet Lamination

[[File:Material Extrusion .png|thumb|Material Extrusion ]]
Material extrusion is the most commonly used 3D printing method. It refers to 3D printing where the material is extruded through a nozzle on to a build plate in a pre-determined path and the material solidifies into a solid object. Typically, the material used are plastic such as PLA and ABS. It is usually the most cost-effective 3D printing option, however, it does not provide the best dimensional accuracy. The material properties of printed object is also not that great compared to other methods. The FDM printers in Makerspace are a good example of material extrusion 3D printing.
[[File:Vat Polymerization .png|thumb|Vat Polymerization ]]
[[File:Powder Bed Fusion.png|thumb|Powder Bed Fusion]]
Vat polymerization also known as resin 3D printing uses a light source to selective cure photopolymer resin in a vat. The build plate is moved vertically once the first layer of the print is cured. This is done layer by layer until the entire object is built. After the printing process, the object is cleaned of the remaining liquid resin and cured to ensure the mechanical properties of the part. The most common form of vat polymerization is stereolithography (SLA).

SLA is the oldest form of 3D printing technology. SLA printers use mirrors known as galvanometers with one on the X-axis and one on the Y-axis. The galvanometers aim the laser beams across a vat of resin, curing and solidifying a cross-section of the object inside the building area. Resin 3D printing allows for smoother surface finish with finer feature details. Makerspace offers resin 3D printing through Elegoo printers.
[[File:Material Jetting.png|thumb|Material Jetting]]
Other forms of resin printing include digital light processing (DLP) and liquid crystal display (LCD). DLP 3D printing uses a digital light projector instead of a laser beam like SLA printers. The digital projector screen flashes an image of a layer across the platform. This cures all points simultaneously. LED screens or a UV source is used to project light onto the resin. This light is directed to the build surface by a digital micromirror device (DMD). LCD 3D printing is also called masked stereolithography (MSLA) is similar to DLP above. Instead of a DMD, LCD printers uses an LCD screen. LCD is a newer technology designed to be an affordable alternative to DLP and stereolithography. It cures an entire layer of resin at once using an array of ultraviolet LED as a light source. It uses an LCD to selective mask UV light so that only selected areas are cured.
[[File:Binder Jetting.png|thumb|Binder Jetting ]]
[[File:Directed Energy Deposition.png|thumb|Directed Energy Deposition ]]
Powder bed fusion printers spread a thin layer of powdered material over a print bed which is melted (typically by a laser). This process is repeated with the powder layer fusing at specific points with the previous layer until the object is completed. The final product is encased and supported in unfused powder. This method is great for parts with complex geometries however it has a higher machine cost with higher material cost. It often results in slower build rates.

Material jetting involves tiny droplets of material that are deposited onto the build plate. The droplets are cured when exposed to light. This process is repeated layer by layer. This process allows for different materials to be printed in the same object. It can create textured surface finish. However, the process has limited materials and often have weaker mechanical properties with a higher process cost.

Binder jetting uses a liquid bonding agent that selectively binds layers of powder together. The printer nozzle will pass over the print bed and selective deposit droplets of binding agent on the powder layer. This process combines powder bed fusion and material jetting.
[[File:Sheet Lamination .png|thumb|Sheet Lamination ]]
Directed energy deposition is a process where material is fed and fused at the same time as it is deposited. This is typically only performed on metal material. It is very similar to welding. This process is often used to repair or add features to metal objects by printing on pre-existing metal objects.

Sheet lamination is technically considered a form of 3D printing. However, it differs significantly from the other methods mentioned above. It stacks and laminates sheets of very thin material together to produce a 3D object. The stack can also be cut mechanically or by lasers to create the final shape. There are many ways fuse the material layers such as heat and sound. Since material is fused together then cut, this way of 3D printing generates much more waste than other technology.

Each brand of printer will have a different slicer and way of starting the prints which is explained in the following sections.

===Slicers===
There are many different slicers that can be used. Typically each 3D printer company will have its own 3D slicer software. For example, within Makerspace Ultimaker Cura is the typical slicer used for the Ultimaker printers. For more information about each slicer click on the "More Info" button under each printer below.

=== Our Printers ===

The following are the printers available for use at the Makerspaceː {{PrinterInfobox
| name = Ultimaker 2+
| image = Ultimaker2+.png
| slicerName = Cura
| slicerLink = https://ultimaker.com/cura
| materials = PLA, ABS, Flexible, etc
| minLayerHeight = 0.06
| heatedBuildPlate = Yes
| float = none
| buildWidth = 223
| buildDepth = 223
| buildHeight = 205
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/Ultimaker_2%2B
}}

{{PrinterInfobox
| name = Ultimaker 3
| image = Ultimaker3.png
| slicerName = Cura
| slicerLink = https://ultimaker.com/cura
| materials = PLA, PVA, Flexible, etc
| minLayerHeight = 0.02
| heatedBuildPlate = Yes
| float = none
| buildWidth = 215
| buildDepth = 215
| buildHeight = 200
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/Ultimaker_3
}}

{{PrinterInfobox
| name = MakerBot Replicator 2
| image = Replicator2.png
| slicerName = MakerBot Print
| slicerLink = https://support.makerbot.com/s/article/MakerBot-Desktop-Download
| materials = PLA
| minLayerHeight = 0.1
| heatedBuildPlate = No
| float = none
| buildWidth = 285
| buildDepth = 153
| buildHeight = 155
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/MakerBot_Replicator_2
}}

{{PrinterInfobox
| name = Dremel 3D20
| image = Dremel-3D20.png
| slicerName = DigiLab 3D
| slicerLink = https://digilab.dremel.com/3D-software
| buildVolume = 230 × 150 × 140 mm
| materials = PLA
| minLayerHeight = 0.1
| heatedBuildPlate = No
| float = none
| buildWidth = 230
| buildDepth = 150
| buildHeight = 140
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/Dremel_3D20
}}

{{PrinterInfobox
| name = Raise3D N2 Plus
| image = Raise3D_N2_Plus.png
| slicerName = ideaMaker
| slicerLink = https://www.raise3d.com/pages/download
| buildVolume = 304.8 × 304.8 × 609.6 mm
| materials = PLA, ABS, PVA, Flexible
| minLayerHeight = 0.01
| heatedBuildPlate = Yes
| float = none
| buildWidth = 305
| buildDepth = 305
| buildHeight = 605
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/Raise3D_N2_Plus
}}

{{PrinterInfobox
| name = FLsun v400
| image = Flsun v400.jpg
| slicerName = Cura
| slicerLink = https://ultimaker.com/cura
| buildVolume = ⌀300 × 410 mm
| materials = PLA, ABS, Flexible, etc
| minLayerHeight = 0.05
| heatedBuildPlate = Yes
| float = none
| buildWidth = 300
| buildDepth = 300
| buildHeight = 410
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/Flsun_v400
}}

{{PrinterInfobox
| name = Markforged Mark Two
| image = Mk2.png
| slicerName = Eiger
| slicerLink = https://www.eiger.io/signin
| buildVolume = 320 × 132 × 154 mm
| materials = Nylon, Onyx, Carbon Fiber, Fiberglass, Kevlar
| minLayerHeight = 0.1
| heatedBuildPlate = No
| float = none
| buildWidth = 320
| buildDepth = 132
| buildHeight = 154
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/Markforged_Mark_Two
}}

{{PrinterInfobox
| name = Stratasys Dimension SST 1200es
| image = Dimension-1200es.jpg
| slicerName = GrabCAD Print
| slicerLink = https://grabcad.com/print
| buildVolume = 254 × 254 × 305 mm
| materials = ABS, Soluble support
| minLayerHeight = 0.254
| heatedBuildPlate = Yes
| float = none
| buildWidth = 254
| buildDepth = 254
| buildHeight = 305
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/Stratasys_Dimension_SST
}}

{{PrinterInfobox
| name = Stratasys F170
| image = stratasys-f170.jpg
| slicerName = GrabCAD Print
| slicerLink = https://grabcad.com/print
| buildVolume = 254 × 254 × 254 mm
| materials = PLA, ABS, ASA, TPU, Soluble support
| minLayerHeight = 0.127
| heatedBuildPlate = Yes
| float = none
| buildWidth = 254
| buildDepth = 254
| buildHeight = 254
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/Stratasys_F170
}}

{{PrinterInfobox
| name = Elegoo Saturn 2 8k
| image = elegoo saturn 2.jpg
| slicerName = ChituBox
| slicerLink = https://www.chitubox.com/en/download/chitubox-free
| buildVolume = 218.88 × 123.12 × 250 mm
| materials = Standard, ABS-like, rubber, etc
| minLayerHeight = 0.01
| heatedBuildPlate = No
| float = none
| buildWidth = 218.88
| buildDepth = 123.12
| buildHeight = 250
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/Elegoo_Saturn2
}}

#

==[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Intermediate/Custom Slicer Settings|Custom Slicer Settings as an Intermediate User]]==
In the beginner section of 3D printing, basic slicer settings such as layer height, infill percentage, supports and adhesion have<s>s</s> been introduced. In this section, more advanced settings such as print speed, nozzle size, adhesion type (…etc) will be discussed.

In order to start customizing your slicer settings, you will have to access the setting menu. To do so, make sure you are in the prepare view. Click on the dropdown triangle in the top right hand corner. You will be shown the recommended settings automatically. Then select the custom button at the bottom to further customize your options.

<youtube>gHUxuMe-plYc</youtube>

===How to Modify Parameters===

====Layer Height====
Layer heights are generally changed to increase printing speed. A larger layer height means a faster print as the printer can print less layers to achieve the final height. However, increasing layer height will decrease the resolution and quality of the print. Therefore, increasing layer height should only be done on larger prints without fine details. It is recommended to keep the layer height between 25%-75% of the nozzle diameter and a 50% nozzle diameter is generally what is used as the layer height. If the layer height is too low, it can result in the plastic being pushed back into the nozzle creating a blockage. If the layer height is too high, it can be difficult for the layers to stick to each other.

Within the 3D printing community, there are discussions of “the magic number”. This refers to the increments of layer heights that provides the most efficient prints. It considers the mechanical properties of the printer stepper motors. It takes the ‘steps’ that the stepper motor travel in as layer height intervals. So the layer heights are set as multiples of these ‘steps’. In the case of the Ultimaker printers, the magic number is 0.04mm.

====Walls ====
There are many things that can be customized within the wall settings. Cura also allows the user to customize wall line count which is the number of passes the nozzle will perform for the walls. Changing this value will automatically change the value for wall thickness. However, users can change the value manually as well. Typical values for wall thickness are chosen depending on the purpose of the print and the material used. Generally the default values of 0.8mm-1.6mm (3-4 wall lines) should be sufficient for typical prints. The wall thickness should be set at multiples of nozzle size for ideal printing. If the strength of the part is crucial, use larger values for wall thickness such as 2-3mm. If the model has fine details where strength is not required, wall thickness can be reduced to 0.4mm. The user can also customize horizontal expansion value. This setting is used to compensate for the horizontal shrinkage of the print. It will add the input value to either side of the XY plane. This option is typically enabled when printing material that will shrink when cooled and dimensional accuracy is required. It is unnecessary for PLA printing.

====Top/Bottom====
Top and bottom layers are the layers at the top and bottom of the 3D model. In Cura, top and bottom thickness can be adjusted and customized. Similarly to wall thickness, this can be adjusted by the number of layers or by the thickness value. The thicker the layers are the stronger the model would be. The thicker the layers are will also increase the watertightness of the model. However, this means that the model will use more material and take a longer time to print. It is usually recommended that the Top/Bottom Layer Thickness should be at least 1-1.2mm thick, ensure that it is a multiple of the layer height which will prevent print defects.

====Infill====
In the previous section, the recommended infill percentage was discussed. In this section, infill pattern can also be customized. There are 14 different patterns to choose from.

<youtube>e6es3gT15HA</youtube>

Lightning, lines, zig-zag are best used to print models and figurines with a typical 0-15% infill. This is because they don’t require the prints to have a high strength as they are not subjected to rough handling or put under stress. The three patterns result in the fastest prints. Grid, triangles and tri-hexagon are used for typical 3D prints with infill density for 15-50%. It is suitable for prints with low stress. Choosing these patterns may increase print time by up to 25% when compared to lines. If the print is functional such as a shelf bracket that requires strength in multiple directions, cubic, cubic subdivision, quarter cubic, octet and gyroid are great options. Many times these patterns are also chosen for infill densities smaller than 50% for their aesthetics. Concentric, cross and cross 3D are often chosen for flexible filament prints.

====Print Speed====
The basic print speed settings control the speed of all stages of the printing process. However, the speed of each stage can be further customized in the advanced settings. This includes infill speed, wall speed, travel speed etc. The ways in which the print speed will affect the final print are not always obvious. If the print speed is set too fast, the printer might not be able to dispense enough material through its nozzle per unit of time to fill the desired volume with the required amount of material. This can lead to bad adhesion between layers or even a complete lack of adhesion to layers. Therefore, it is important to consider the ratio between layer height and layer speed. The Ultimaker 2+ in Makerspace are capable of achieving speeds of up to 300mm/s. However, this is not recommended as it significantly reduces the quality of the print. Realistically it is possible to print reliably using about 70-80mm/s depending on the material and the model.

The ways in which the print speed will affect the final print are not always obvious. If the print speed is too high, the printer might not be able to dispense enough material through its nozzle per unit of time to fill the desired volume with the required amount of material. This can lead to bad adhesion between layers or even a complete lack of adhesion to layers. The ratio of layer height to layer speed (i.e.: material outflow through the nozzle) should therefore always be considered when FDM printing (the exact subject though being more of an intermediate subject). When making parts that will bear loads, print speeds are increasingly important as layer adhesion becomes an important factor in the strength of the final part, so much so that parts may be annealed (uniformly re-heated through a controlled process) to obtain better properties across layers.<ref>Agnieszka Szust, Grzegorz Adamski, ''Using thermal annealing and salt remelting to increase tensile properties of 3D FDM prints'', Engineering Failure Analysis, Volume 132, 2022, 105932, ISSN 1350-6307, <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.105932</nowiki>.</ref>

==== Travel====
Retraction is enabled when the printer has to travel between two printed parts. Without retraction, the extruded material will hang between the parts. Enabling retraction prevents the “stringing” of the extruded material which will result in a cleaner model. Enabling Z-hop when retracted will move the build plate down by the set value when retraction is performed. This will prevent the nozzle from hitting the object or damaging the print surface. However, adding additional nozzle travel will increase the print time.

====Cooling====
[[File:Supports.png|thumb|378x378px]]
The fans allow the material to cool properly before the next layer is printed. By enabling the fans, it will allow layers with short layer time and those with bridges/overhangs to have a better print quality. Fan speed can be adjusted based on the needs of the print. A higher print speed means better cooling and reduces the oozing of the material.

====Supports====
Supports were introduced in the beginner module of 3D printing. In this section, further details of support will be explained. Typically supports are used when there is an overhang in the design. There are two options when implementing supports, support structures need to touch the build platform or touch the top of the model. The default settings have the supports touching the build plate only. However, this can be changed to have supports touching everywhere. This can be useful as it increases the support area but it can be extremely difficult to remove supports that are on the printed objects. The support overhang angle can also be changed. Generally, supports are printed for overhang greater than 60 degrees. If the object is printed at a slow speed, the overhang angle might need to be lowered than if printing at a higher speed. Your design can also be altered to reduce supports. Filet and chamfer sharp angles which will reduce overhang angles and increase the quality of the print. You can also consider splitting your print into multiple parts to be assembled afterwards.

====Adhesion====
[[File:Adhesion.png|left|thumb|413x413px|(left to right) skirt, brim, and raft]]
There are three types of adhesion, skirt, brim and raft. Brim adds a single layer flat area around the base of the print model which prevents warping. This is the default adhesion type. The brim is connected to the model making the bottom surface area bigger. It not only increases the adhesion of the model to the build plate, but it also prevents the corners of the model from curling. Materials with high potential for shrinking such as ABS will benefit from a brim. Models with a large base or a thin bottom should also use a brim adhesion. As raft adhesion adds a thick grid with a roof between the model and the build plate. This is typically used when the bottom surface of a model is not completely flat or has little area to adhere to the build plate. A skirt is a line printed around the model on the first layer. It is typically not used to help the print adhere but used to prime the nozzle and check for bed leveling.

==[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Intermediate/Dual Colour and Dual Extrusion|Dual Colour and Dual Extrusion]]==
Dual colour prints refer to a technique that can print multiple colour<ins>s</ins> on one model using one nozzle head. This is achieved by switching the filament during the printing process. Dual extrusion refers to printing a model with 2 nozzle<ins>s</ins> to extrude two different filament<ins>s</ins>. This will allow for mixing colours, gradients, or patterns. It can also print models using two different material<ins>s</ins> for different parts of the object for complex geometries that would otherwise be difficult to achieve.

<youtube>QRroBtNXDvc</youtube>

Dual colour prints are achievable using the Ultimaker 2+ printers. In order to change the colour during the print, a script is added to the g-code telling the printer to stop the print at a certain instance. This is done during the slicing process in Cura.

#Click on “Extensions” in the top menu bar.
#Select “Post-processing” -> “Modify g-code”.
#Click on “Add a script”
#Select “Pause at height”

At this point, there will be many different settings to modify. First, determine if you would like to pause at a height value (mm) or at a layer number. Choosing a layer number would be a simpler option in ensuring that the print ends when a full layer is completed. The layer number can be seen in the “Preview” mode on Cura. The model can then be sliced like normal. Once the print stops, the material can be changed (ask the staff) to complete the print in a different colour<ins>.</ins>

Dual extrusion prints are possible using the Ultimaker 3 or Raise printer<s>s</s> in Maker<ins>s</ins><s>S</s>pace. To do so with the Ultimaker, two separate 3D models are needed. If they are part of the same model, they will be merged together in Cura. Ensure that the printer selected is Ultimaker 3. The printer can be added using “Add printer” button. Open both models in Cura and set the print core and the materials. This can be done through the printing options beside the printer selection. Both print cores should be set at '''AA .4.''' The material is set to PLA by default but it can be changed to the material of our choice. There is no need to change the colour of the filament on Cura as it will be determined by the filament that is loaded in the printers. By default, both model<ins>s</ins> will be set to print with core 1. To change the print core, select the model then select per model settings and print model with print core 2. After the print core, merge the two models together. Select both model<ins>s</ins> by holding shift while left clicking on both parts. Both models should the<ins>n</ins><s>m</s> be highlighted in blue. Then, right click and select “Merge Models”. The two models will then become a single model. At which point, you can adjust the printer settings like a regular single extrusion print. If you would like to customize the settings for one print core, the printer settings need to be assigned in custom model. 

== How to Dual Colour Print with an UltiMaker 3 ==

Step by step process for printing with an UltiMaker 3.

To do dual extrusions, we need to get two separate 3D models (if they are part of the same part they can be merged later)

Open Cura and make sure the printer selected is Ultimaker 3. If not, change it by clicking on the printer drop down menu (top left) and selecting the right one. Printers can also be added by clicking on “Add printer.”
[[File:Ump3.jpg|center|thumb]]

Open the two models in Cura by opening the file explorer tab in the top left corner beside the printer's name. You can also go on “File -> Open files (CTRL +O).”
[[File:Ump3.1.jpg|center|thumb]]

The next step is to set the print core and the materials. You can do that by clicking on the sidebar print core option as shown below. Both print cores should be set at AA 0.4. Material is set to PLA by default, but you can change by going under material and selecting one of the approved printing materials.

The colour of the filament loaded in the printer will determine the two colours of your print therefore there is no need to choose the colour on Cura.
[[File:Ump3.2.jpg|center|thumb]]
At this point we need to assign a print core to each one of the two models. All objects are set to be printed with the print core 1 by default. If you want to change the print core, select the model by clicking on it. Next, select Per Model Settings (on the left side of the screen), then Print Model with Print Core 2.
[[File:Ump3.3.jpg|center|thumb]]

After the print core settings are done, you can merge the two parts of your model together. First, you select both parts by holding shift and left clicking both parts. They should be outlined in blue. Then right click and select “Merge Models.”
[[File:Ump3.4.jpg|center|thumb]]

If you are using recommended mode, it just becomes a single model, and you can adjust different settings as you would do for a single extrusion. The changes will be applied to both settings at the same time. If you need to adjust settings for one print core, you need to switch to custom mode.
[[File:Ump3.5.jpg|center|thumb]]

The last step is slicing by clicking “Slice” and save the gcode on a USB stick which will be inserted into the printer. Put the USB stick into the printer, select “Print.” The printer will read the drive and display the available gcodes. Select your file and the print will start.
[[File:Ump3.6.jpg|center|thumb]]

==[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Intermediate/Print Orientation|Print Orientation]]==
<youtube>OqRbSkX5IJk</youtube>

Print orientation is crucial to the success of the 3D model print. It heavily influences the speed and quality of the result. There are many different factors to consider when choosing how to orient your print.

Understand the build volume of the printer. The print needs to be oriented in a way that it will physically fit in the printer when printed. If the print is too big, the model can be divided into multiple parts to be printed separately. The Ultimaker 2+ printers have a build volume of 223 x 223 x 205mm.

To determine which face of your design should face down on the build plate, it is important to choose the best face for stability and bed adhesion. This is typically a face that is large enough to provide stability and a flat surface to minimize the need for build plate adhesion.

It is also important to consider the mechanical stresses that your part will experience. Orient the part so that the direction of minimum applied stress is along the build direction (vertical). The build direction is typically weaker since it relies on the bond strength between layers rather than the strength of the material. The print should also be oriented to minimize print time and supports used. These two factors are connected as the more supports needed, the longer the print will be. 

==[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Intermediate/Post-Processing 3D prints|Post-Processing 3D prints]]==
 There are a number of post processing possibilities with 3D printed models. The options available are dependent on the material used. In this section, post-processing possibilities for PLA that are available in the Makerspace will be explored. The video below will explain the basics of post-processing. Everything used in the video is available at the finishing station in the Makerspace.

<youtube>l6dI3RDorwk</youtube>
<youtube>ZTE9bJyUO_8</youtube>

The most basic post-processing procedure is support removal. The Ultimaker 2+ printers in Makerspace are single extruder printers which means the supports are printed using the same material as the main model. Typically, the supports are easily removed by breaking them off the printed model. However, when supports are placed in tight corners or hard to reach places, additional tools such as pliers will be needed to remove the material. Dual extruder printers will allow you to print the supports with a different soluble material than the main part. This means the difficult to remove supports can be dissolved away by soaking it in another liquid.

Another basic procedure is sanding. 3D printed parts will often have rough surfaces from the layers. Sanding is the easiest way to create a smooth surface. At the finishing station, there are sandpaper of different grit sizes to sand down your model. There are also files at the station for edges and holes. It is important to sand the surfaces in circular motions to ensure the aesthetics of the model.

Gluing the model is one of the most common post-processing options to attach parts together. There are many glue options available at the Makerspace, including super glue and hot glue. Hot glue is easy to use but it will leave a visible gap as 2-3mm of glue is needed to secure the parts together. Hot glue is also not very strong. Super glue is a good option for a seamless seal that cures fast.

Painting is one of the most common finishing processes. The model needs to be primed first before being painted. The model should be sanded with a low and then medium grit sandpaper. Prime the model with a coat of primer paint. Once everything is dry, you can start painting your model with other colors. Acrylic paint and paintbrushes are available to use at Makerspace.

==[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Intermediate/Bed Levelling, Filament Change|Bed Levelling, Filament Change]]==

===Bed Levelling===
<youtube>0shirFB7o1s</youtube>

If the printer is not printing properly (especially if the issue is noticeable on the very first layers of the print, where a difference in the layer height is noticeable), the build plate level may need to be adjusted. For minor adjustments, this can be done by using the three knobs (thumb screws) on the underside of the plate. For more major adjustments (>1mm), the build plate should be leveled through the printer’s onboard software by going to Maintenance→Build Plate, and following the onscreen instructions. If unsure, always use the latter method. The calibration cards needed are at the finishing station. However, in Makerspace, bed levelling should only be performed by the staff.

===Filament Change===
<youtube>9v1w_dmpLu0</youtube>

To change the filament on an Ultimaker 2+ printer, go to Material→Change in the printer’s user interface and follow the onscreen instructions. If ever the filament has almost run out, or if you desire to change the color of a print midway, you may navigate to Pause→Change Material and following the onscreen instructions. If changing mid-way, it is recommended that the older filament be completely purged from the nozzle using the new filament. Otherwise, the result will not be good. Again, within the Makerspace, this should only be done by the staff working.

==[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Intermediate/Selecting Nozzle Sizes|Selecting Nozzle Sizes]]==
[[File:Nozzle Size.png|thumb]]
Nozzle size is the first decision to make when 3D printing. Within Makerspace, there are four options of nozzle size using the Ultimaker 2+, 0.25mm, 0.4mm, 0.6mm, and 0.8mm. Choosing between the options depends on the fine details of the model and the print speed required.

*A smaller nozzle size will allow for finer details and better dimension accuracy. However, it will also take longer to print the model.
*A larger nozzle can provide faster print time and also create stronger prints.
*A smaller nozzle diameter can cause it to be more difficult to print with overhangs as each layer has less width to adhere to the next one.
*However, with a smaller nozzle, the supports are easier to remove as the printer will use less material for supports making it easier to break away.
*A larger nozzle is able to print with less infill as the walls would be thicker to ensure strength.

==[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Intermediate/Troubleshooting|Troubleshooting]]==

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-CMotQ-nqI&t=249s
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Issue (symptom)'''
|'''Possible Cause (diagnosis)'''
|'''Potential Fix (cure)'''
|-
|Warping
|Not enough/too much model base surface contact to the print bed
|Add build plate adhesion such as a brim or a raft. Refer to adhesion section for further explanation.
|-
| rowspan="3" |Bad adhesion
|Dirty build plate
|Clean off the build plate first. Debris and oils from your fingers can cause difficulties for the material to stick.
|-
|Not enough/too much model base surface contact to the print bed
|Add build plate adhesion such as a brim or a raft.
|-
|Uneven print bed/Bed too far from nozzle at initial layer
|This is the least likely possibility. Relevel the build plate. Ask a Makerspace staff for more details.
|-
| rowspan="2" |No extrusion
|No filament
|Replace filament spool. Ask a Makerspace staff to replace the filament spool.
|-
|Filament clog
|Keep in mind that it is uncommon that this is the actual cause of lack of extrusion. Ask a Makerspace employee to assist with further diagnosis.
|-
| rowspan="3" |Underextrusion
|The forwarding mechanism (gearbox) ground through the filament
|Move the filament out of the forwarding mechanism. Use the change material feature to speed up the removal. While the mechanism is whirring to remove the material, pull slightly on the filament, at the back of the printer for the mechanism to grab. Break the filament clean off at the section where the filament was ground, clean up the end by cutting it off. Re-forward the material into the printer, making sure the right material is chosen in the menu.
|-
|Wet (very brittle) filament
|Remove wet section of the filament (0.25 to 0.5m length) and re-load. Ask a Makerspace staff for further support.
|-
|Filament clog
|Keep in mind that it is uncommon that this is the actual cause of lack of extrusion. Ask a Makerspace employee to assist with further diagnosis.
|-
|Print not level
|Model not well seated on bed (in slicer)
|Use the snap to bed feature in your slicer (when available), add a brim to preview which flat sections are well seated on the bed
|-
|Drooling
|No supports when needed
|Add supports. Refer to the supports section.
|}

==References==
<references />

File:Ump3.6.jpg

2025-07-28T17:41:34Z

Abbywilson13:

How to use UltiMaker 3 for dual colour

File:Ump3.5.jpg

2025-07-28T17:41:04Z

Abbywilson13:

How to use UltiMaker 3 for dual colour

File:Ump3.4.jpg

2025-07-28T17:40:21Z

Abbywilson13:

How to use UltiMaker 3 for dual colour

File:Ump3.3.jpg

2025-07-28T17:39:36Z

Abbywilson13:

How to use UltiMaker 3 for dual colour

File:Ump3.2.jpg

2025-07-28T17:37:46Z

Abbywilson13:

howto use UltiMaker 3 for double extrude

File:Ump3.1.jpg

2025-07-28T17:37:11Z

Abbywilson13:

howto use UltiMaker 3 for double extrude

File:Ump3.jpg

2025-07-28T17:36:22Z

Abbywilson13:

howto use UltiMaker 3 for double extrude

Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Intermediate

2025-07-28T17:35:26Z

Abbywilson13: /* Dual Colour and Dual Extrusion */

This page will focus on intermediate 3D printing skills. You should be familiar with [[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Beginner|3D Printing- Beginner]] before continuing.

==[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Intermediate/Types of printers|Types of printers]]==

===Printers===
{{#lsth:Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Beginner|Which 3D printers do we have?}}
There are many different types of 3D printers that exist. Theses printers can be primarily categorized into 7 categories:

# Material Extrusion
# Vat Polymerization
# Powder Bed Fusion
# Material Jetting
# Binder Jetting
# Directed Energy Deposition
# Sheet Lamination

[[File:Material Extrusion .png|thumb|Material Extrusion ]]
Material extrusion is the most commonly used 3D printing method. It refers to 3D printing where the material is extruded through a nozzle on to a build plate in a pre-determined path and the material solidifies into a solid object. Typically, the material used are plastic such as PLA and ABS. It is usually the most cost-effective 3D printing option, however, it does not provide the best dimensional accuracy. The material properties of printed object is also not that great compared to other methods. The FDM printers in Makerspace are a good example of material extrusion 3D printing.
[[File:Vat Polymerization .png|thumb|Vat Polymerization ]]
[[File:Powder Bed Fusion.png|thumb|Powder Bed Fusion]]
Vat polymerization also known as resin 3D printing uses a light source to selective cure photopolymer resin in a vat. The build plate is moved vertically once the first layer of the print is cured. This is done layer by layer until the entire object is built. After the printing process, the object is cleaned of the remaining liquid resin and cured to ensure the mechanical properties of the part. The most common form of vat polymerization is stereolithography (SLA).

SLA is the oldest form of 3D printing technology. SLA printers use mirrors known as galvanometers with one on the X-axis and one on the Y-axis. The galvanometers aim the laser beams across a vat of resin, curing and solidifying a cross-section of the object inside the building area. Resin 3D printing allows for smoother surface finish with finer feature details. Makerspace offers resin 3D printing through Elegoo printers.
[[File:Material Jetting.png|thumb|Material Jetting]]
Other forms of resin printing include digital light processing (DLP) and liquid crystal display (LCD). DLP 3D printing uses a digital light projector instead of a laser beam like SLA printers. The digital projector screen flashes an image of a layer across the platform. This cures all points simultaneously. LED screens or a UV source is used to project light onto the resin. This light is directed to the build surface by a digital micromirror device (DMD). LCD 3D printing is also called masked stereolithography (MSLA) is similar to DLP above. Instead of a DMD, LCD printers uses an LCD screen. LCD is a newer technology designed to be an affordable alternative to DLP and stereolithography. It cures an entire layer of resin at once using an array of ultraviolet LED as a light source. It uses an LCD to selective mask UV light so that only selected areas are cured.
[[File:Binder Jetting.png|thumb|Binder Jetting ]]
[[File:Directed Energy Deposition.png|thumb|Directed Energy Deposition ]]
Powder bed fusion printers spread a thin layer of powdered material over a print bed which is melted (typically by a laser). This process is repeated with the powder layer fusing at specific points with the previous layer until the object is completed. The final product is encased and supported in unfused powder. This method is great for parts with complex geometries however it has a higher machine cost with higher material cost. It often results in slower build rates.

Material jetting involves tiny droplets of material that are deposited onto the build plate. The droplets are cured when exposed to light. This process is repeated layer by layer. This process allows for different materials to be printed in the same object. It can create textured surface finish. However, the process has limited materials and often have weaker mechanical properties with a higher process cost.

Binder jetting uses a liquid bonding agent that selectively binds layers of powder together. The printer nozzle will pass over the print bed and selective deposit droplets of binding agent on the powder layer. This process combines powder bed fusion and material jetting.
[[File:Sheet Lamination .png|thumb|Sheet Lamination ]]
Directed energy deposition is a process where material is fed and fused at the same time as it is deposited. This is typically only performed on metal material. It is very similar to welding. This process is often used to repair or add features to metal objects by printing on pre-existing metal objects.

Sheet lamination is technically considered a form of 3D printing. However, it differs significantly from the other methods mentioned above. It stacks and laminates sheets of very thin material together to produce a 3D object. The stack can also be cut mechanically or by lasers to create the final shape. There are many ways fuse the material layers such as heat and sound. Since material is fused together then cut, this way of 3D printing generates much more waste than other technology.

Each brand of printer will have a different slicer and way of starting the prints which is explained in the following sections.

===Slicers===
There are many different slicers that can be used. Typically each 3D printer company will have its own 3D slicer software. For example, within Makerspace Ultimaker Cura is the typical slicer used for the Ultimaker printers. For more information about each slicer click on the "More Info" button under each printer below.

=== Our Printers ===

The following are the printers available for use at the Makerspaceː {{PrinterInfobox
| name = Ultimaker 2+
| image = Ultimaker2+.png
| slicerName = Cura
| slicerLink = https://ultimaker.com/cura
| materials = PLA, ABS, Flexible, etc
| minLayerHeight = 0.06
| heatedBuildPlate = Yes
| float = none
| buildWidth = 223
| buildDepth = 223
| buildHeight = 205
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/Ultimaker_2%2B
}}

{{PrinterInfobox
| name = Ultimaker 3
| image = Ultimaker3.png
| slicerName = Cura
| slicerLink = https://ultimaker.com/cura
| materials = PLA, PVA, Flexible, etc
| minLayerHeight = 0.02
| heatedBuildPlate = Yes
| float = none
| buildWidth = 215
| buildDepth = 215
| buildHeight = 200
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/Ultimaker_3
}}

{{PrinterInfobox
| name = MakerBot Replicator 2
| image = Replicator2.png
| slicerName = MakerBot Print
| slicerLink = https://support.makerbot.com/s/article/MakerBot-Desktop-Download
| materials = PLA
| minLayerHeight = 0.1
| heatedBuildPlate = No
| float = none
| buildWidth = 285
| buildDepth = 153
| buildHeight = 155
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/MakerBot_Replicator_2
}}

{{PrinterInfobox
| name = Dremel 3D20
| image = Dremel-3D20.png
| slicerName = DigiLab 3D
| slicerLink = https://digilab.dremel.com/3D-software
| buildVolume = 230 × 150 × 140 mm
| materials = PLA
| minLayerHeight = 0.1
| heatedBuildPlate = No
| float = none
| buildWidth = 230
| buildDepth = 150
| buildHeight = 140
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/Dremel_3D20
}}

{{PrinterInfobox
| name = Raise3D N2 Plus
| image = Raise3D_N2_Plus.png
| slicerName = ideaMaker
| slicerLink = https://www.raise3d.com/pages/download
| buildVolume = 304.8 × 304.8 × 609.6 mm
| materials = PLA, ABS, PVA, Flexible
| minLayerHeight = 0.01
| heatedBuildPlate = Yes
| float = none
| buildWidth = 305
| buildDepth = 305
| buildHeight = 605
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/Raise3D_N2_Plus
}}

{{PrinterInfobox
| name = FLsun v400
| image = Flsun v400.jpg
| slicerName = Cura
| slicerLink = https://ultimaker.com/cura
| buildVolume = ⌀300 × 410 mm
| materials = PLA, ABS, Flexible, etc
| minLayerHeight = 0.05
| heatedBuildPlate = Yes
| float = none
| buildWidth = 300
| buildDepth = 300
| buildHeight = 410
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/Flsun_v400
}}

{{PrinterInfobox
| name = Markforged Mark Two
| image = Mk2.png
| slicerName = Eiger
| slicerLink = https://www.eiger.io/signin
| buildVolume = 320 × 132 × 154 mm
| materials = Nylon, Onyx, Carbon Fiber, Fiberglass, Kevlar
| minLayerHeight = 0.1
| heatedBuildPlate = No
| float = none
| buildWidth = 320
| buildDepth = 132
| buildHeight = 154
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/Markforged_Mark_Two
}}

{{PrinterInfobox
| name = Stratasys Dimension SST 1200es
| image = Dimension-1200es.jpg
| slicerName = GrabCAD Print
| slicerLink = https://grabcad.com/print
| buildVolume = 254 × 254 × 305 mm
| materials = ABS, Soluble support
| minLayerHeight = 0.254
| heatedBuildPlate = Yes
| float = none
| buildWidth = 254
| buildDepth = 254
| buildHeight = 305
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/Stratasys_Dimension_SST
}}

{{PrinterInfobox
| name = Stratasys F170
| image = stratasys-f170.jpg
| slicerName = GrabCAD Print
| slicerLink = https://grabcad.com/print
| buildVolume = 254 × 254 × 254 mm
| materials = PLA, ABS, ASA, TPU, Soluble support
| minLayerHeight = 0.127
| heatedBuildPlate = Yes
| float = none
| buildWidth = 254
| buildDepth = 254
| buildHeight = 254
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/Stratasys_F170
}}

{{PrinterInfobox
| name = Elegoo Saturn 2 8k
| image = elegoo saturn 2.jpg
| slicerName = ChituBox
| slicerLink = https://www.chitubox.com/en/download/chitubox-free
| buildVolume = 218.88 × 123.12 × 250 mm
| materials = Standard, ABS-like, rubber, etc
| minLayerHeight = 0.01
| heatedBuildPlate = No
| float = none
| buildWidth = 218.88
| buildDepth = 123.12
| buildHeight = 250
| moreInformation = https://en.wiki.makerepo.com/wiki/Elegoo_Saturn2
}}

#

==[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Intermediate/Custom Slicer Settings|Custom Slicer Settings as an Intermediate User]]==
In the beginner section of 3D printing, basic slicer settings such as layer height, infill percentage, supports and adhesion have<s>s</s> been introduced. In this section, more advanced settings such as print speed, nozzle size, adhesion type (…etc) will be discussed.

In order to start customizing your slicer settings, you will have to access the setting menu. To do so, make sure you are in the prepare view. Click on the dropdown triangle in the top right hand corner. You will be shown the recommended settings automatically. Then select the custom button at the bottom to further customize your options.

<youtube>gHUxuMe-plYc</youtube>

===How to Modify Parameters===

====Layer Height====
Layer heights are generally changed to increase printing speed. A larger layer height means a faster print as the printer can print less layers to achieve the final height. However, increasing layer height will decrease the resolution and quality of the print. Therefore, increasing layer height should only be done on larger prints without fine details. It is recommended to keep the layer height between 25%-75% of the nozzle diameter and a 50% nozzle diameter is generally what is used as the layer height. If the layer height is too low, it can result in the plastic being pushed back into the nozzle creating a blockage. If the layer height is too high, it can be difficult for the layers to stick to each other.

Within the 3D printing community, there are discussions of “the magic number”. This refers to the increments of layer heights that provides the most efficient prints. It considers the mechanical properties of the printer stepper motors. It takes the ‘steps’ that the stepper motor travel in as layer height intervals. So the layer heights are set as multiples of these ‘steps’. In the case of the Ultimaker printers, the magic number is 0.04mm.

====Walls ====
There are many things that can be customized within the wall settings. Cura also allows the user to customize wall line count which is the number of passes the nozzle will perform for the walls. Changing this value will automatically change the value for wall thickness. However, users can change the value manually as well. Typical values for wall thickness are chosen depending on the purpose of the print and the material used. Generally the default values of 0.8mm-1.6mm (3-4 wall lines) should be sufficient for typical prints. The wall thickness should be set at multiples of nozzle size for ideal printing. If the strength of the part is crucial, use larger values for wall thickness such as 2-3mm. If the model has fine details where strength is not required, wall thickness can be reduced to 0.4mm. The user can also customize horizontal expansion value. This setting is used to compensate for the horizontal shrinkage of the print. It will add the input value to either side of the XY plane. This option is typically enabled when printing material that will shrink when cooled and dimensional accuracy is required. It is unnecessary for PLA printing.

====Top/Bottom====
Top and bottom layers are the layers at the top and bottom of the 3D model. In Cura, top and bottom thickness can be adjusted and customized. Similarly to wall thickness, this can be adjusted by the number of layers or by the thickness value. The thicker the layers are the stronger the model would be. The thicker the layers are will also increase the watertightness of the model. However, this means that the model will use more material and take a longer time to print. It is usually recommended that the Top/Bottom Layer Thickness should be at least 1-1.2mm thick, ensure that it is a multiple of the layer height which will prevent print defects.

====Infill====
In the previous section, the recommended infill percentage was discussed. In this section, infill pattern can also be customized. There are 14 different patterns to choose from.

<youtube>e6es3gT15HA</youtube>

Lightning, lines, zig-zag are best used to print models and figurines with a typical 0-15% infill. This is because they don’t require the prints to have a high strength as they are not subjected to rough handling or put under stress. The three patterns result in the fastest prints. Grid, triangles and tri-hexagon are used for typical 3D prints with infill density for 15-50%. It is suitable for prints with low stress. Choosing these patterns may increase print time by up to 25% when compared to lines. If the print is functional such as a shelf bracket that requires strength in multiple directions, cubic, cubic subdivision, quarter cubic, octet and gyroid are great options. Many times these patterns are also chosen for infill densities smaller than 50% for their aesthetics. Concentric, cross and cross 3D are often chosen for flexible filament prints.

====Print Speed====
The basic print speed settings control the speed of all stages of the printing process. However, the speed of each stage can be further customized in the advanced settings. This includes infill speed, wall speed, travel speed etc. The ways in which the print speed will affect the final print are not always obvious. If the print speed is set too fast, the printer might not be able to dispense enough material through its nozzle per unit of time to fill the desired volume with the required amount of material. This can lead to bad adhesion between layers or even a complete lack of adhesion to layers. Therefore, it is important to consider the ratio between layer height and layer speed. The Ultimaker 2+ in Makerspace are capable of achieving speeds of up to 300mm/s. However, this is not recommended as it significantly reduces the quality of the print. Realistically it is possible to print reliably using about 70-80mm/s depending on the material and the model.

The ways in which the print speed will affect the final print are not always obvious. If the print speed is too high, the printer might not be able to dispense enough material through its nozzle per unit of time to fill the desired volume with the required amount of material. This can lead to bad adhesion between layers or even a complete lack of adhesion to layers. The ratio of layer height to layer speed (i.e.: material outflow through the nozzle) should therefore always be considered when FDM printing (the exact subject though being more of an intermediate subject). When making parts that will bear loads, print speeds are increasingly important as layer adhesion becomes an important factor in the strength of the final part, so much so that parts may be annealed (uniformly re-heated through a controlled process) to obtain better properties across layers.<ref>Agnieszka Szust, Grzegorz Adamski, ''Using thermal annealing and salt remelting to increase tensile properties of 3D FDM prints'', Engineering Failure Analysis, Volume 132, 2022, 105932, ISSN 1350-6307, <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.105932</nowiki>.</ref>

==== Travel====
Retraction is enabled when the printer has to travel between two printed parts. Without retraction, the extruded material will hang between the parts. Enabling retraction prevents the “stringing” of the extruded material which will result in a cleaner model. Enabling Z-hop when retracted will move the build plate down by the set value when retraction is performed. This will prevent the nozzle from hitting the object or damaging the print surface. However, adding additional nozzle travel will increase the print time.

====Cooling====
[[File:Supports.png|thumb|378x378px]]
The fans allow the material to cool properly before the next layer is printed. By enabling the fans, it will allow layers with short layer time and those with bridges/overhangs to have a better print quality. Fan speed can be adjusted based on the needs of the print. A higher print speed means better cooling and reduces the oozing of the material.

====Supports====
Supports were introduced in the beginner module of 3D printing. In this section, further details of support will be explained. Typically supports are used when there is an overhang in the design. There are two options when implementing supports, support structures need to touch the build platform or touch the top of the model. The default settings have the supports touching the build plate only. However, this can be changed to have supports touching everywhere. This can be useful as it increases the support area but it can be extremely difficult to remove supports that are on the printed objects. The support overhang angle can also be changed. Generally, supports are printed for overhang greater than 60 degrees. If the object is printed at a slow speed, the overhang angle might need to be lowered than if printing at a higher speed. Your design can also be altered to reduce supports. Filet and chamfer sharp angles which will reduce overhang angles and increase the quality of the print. You can also consider splitting your print into multiple parts to be assembled afterwards.

====Adhesion====
[[File:Adhesion.png|left|thumb|413x413px|(left to right) skirt, brim, and raft]]
There are three types of adhesion, skirt, brim and raft. Brim adds a single layer flat area around the base of the print model which prevents warping. This is the default adhesion type. The brim is connected to the model making the bottom surface area bigger. It not only increases the adhesion of the model to the build plate, but it also prevents the corners of the model from curling. Materials with high potential for shrinking such as ABS will benefit from a brim. Models with a large base or a thin bottom should also use a brim adhesion. As raft adhesion adds a thick grid with a roof between the model and the build plate. This is typically used when the bottom surface of a model is not completely flat or has little area to adhere to the build plate. A skirt is a line printed around the model on the first layer. It is typically not used to help the print adhere but used to prime the nozzle and check for bed leveling.

==[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Intermediate/Dual Colour and Dual Extrusion|Dual Colour and Dual Extrusion]]==
Dual colour prints refer to a technique that can print multiple colour<ins>s</ins> on one model using one nozzle head. This is achieved by switching the filament during the printing process. Dual extrusion refers to printing a model with 2 nozzle<ins>s</ins> to extrude two different filament<ins>s</ins>. This will allow for mixing colours, gradients, or patterns. It can also print models using two different material<ins>s</ins> for different parts of the object for complex geometries that would otherwise be difficult to achieve.

<youtube>QRroBtNXDvc</youtube>

Dual colour prints are achievable using the Ultimaker 2+ printers. In order to change the colour during the print, a script is added to the g-code telling the printer to stop the print at a certain instance. This is done during the slicing process in Cura.

#Click on “Extensions” in the top menu bar.
#Select “Post-processing” -> “Modify g-code”.
#Click on “Add a script”
#Select “Pause at height”

At this point, there will be many different settings to modify. First, determine if you would like to pause at a height value (mm) or at a layer number. Choosing a layer number would be a simpler option in ensuring that the print ends when a full layer is completed. The layer number can be seen in the “Preview” mode on Cura. The model can then be sliced like normal. Once the print stops, the material can be changed (ask the staff) to complete the print in a different colour<ins>.</ins>

Dual extrusion prints are possible using the Ultimaker 3 or Raise printer<s>s</s> in Maker<ins>s</ins><s>S</s>pace. To do so with the Ultimaker, two separate 3D models are needed. If they are part of the same model, they will be merged together in Cura. Ensure that the printer selected is Ultimaker 3. The printer can be added using “Add printer” button. Open both models in Cura and set the print core and the materials. This can be done through the printing options beside the printer selection. Both print cores should be set at '''AA .4.''' The material is set to PLA by default but it can be changed to the material of our choice. There is no need to change the colour of the filament on Cura as it will be determined by the filament that is loaded in the printers. By default, both model<ins>s</ins> will be set to print with core 1. To change the print core, select the model then select per model settings and print model with print core 2. After the print core, merge the two models together. Select both model<ins>s</ins> by holding shift while left clicking on both parts. Both models should the<ins>n</ins><s>m</s> be highlighted in blue. Then, right click and select “Merge Models”. The two models will then become a single model. At which point, you can adjust the printer settings like a regular single extrusion print. If you would like to customize the settings for one print core, the printer settings need to be assigned in custom model. 

== How to Dual Colour Print with an UltiMaker 3 ==

Step by step process for printing with an UltiMaker 3.

To do dual extrusions, we need to get two separate 3D models (if they are part of the same part they can be merged later)

Open Cura and make sure the printer selected is Ultimaker 3. If not, change it by clicking on the printer drop down menu (top left) and selecting the right one. Printers can also be added by clicking on “Add printer.”

Open the two models in Cura by opening the file explorer tab in the top left corner beside the printer's name. You can also go on “File -> Open files (CTRL +O).”

The next step is to set the print core and the materials. You can do that by clicking on the sidebar print core option as shown below. Both print cores should be set at AA 0.4. Material is set to PLA by default, but you can change by going under material and selecting one of the approved printing materials.

The colour of the filament loaded in the printer will determine the two colours of your print therefore there is no need to choose the colour on Cura.

At this point we need to assign a print core to each one of the two models. All objects are set to be printed with the print core 1 by default. If you want to change the print core, select the model by clicking on it. Next, select Per Model Settings (on the left side of the screen), then Print Model with Print Core 2.

After the print core settings are done, you can merge the two parts of your model together. First, you select both parts by holding shift and left clicking both parts. They should be outlined in blue. Then right click and select “Merge Models.”

If you are using recommended mode, it just becomes a single model, and you can adjust different settings as you would do for a single extrusion. The changes will be applied to both settings at the same time. If you need to adjust settings for one print core, you need to switch to custom mode.

The last step is slicing by clicking “Slice” and save the gcode on a USB stick which will be inserted into the printer. Put the USB stick into the printer, select “Print.” The printer will read the drive and display the available gcodes. Select your file and the print will start.

==[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Intermediate/Print Orientation|Print Orientation]]==
<youtube>OqRbSkX5IJk</youtube>

Print orientation is crucial to the success of the 3D model print. It heavily influences the speed and quality of the result. There are many different factors to consider when choosing how to orient your print.

Understand the build volume of the printer. The print needs to be oriented in a way that it will physically fit in the printer when printed. If the print is too big, the model can be divided into multiple parts to be printed separately. The Ultimaker 2+ printers have a build volume of 223 x 223 x 205mm.

To determine which face of your design should face down on the build plate, it is important to choose the best face for stability and bed adhesion. This is typically a face that is large enough to provide stability and a flat surface to minimize the need for build plate adhesion.

It is also important to consider the mechanical stresses that your part will experience. Orient the part so that the direction of minimum applied stress is along the build direction (vertical). The build direction is typically weaker since it relies on the bond strength between layers rather than the strength of the material. The print should also be oriented to minimize print time and supports used. These two factors are connected as the more supports needed, the longer the print will be. 

==[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Intermediate/Post-Processing 3D prints|Post-Processing 3D prints]]==
 There are a number of post processing possibilities with 3D printed models. The options available are dependent on the material used. In this section, post-processing possibilities for PLA that are available in the Makerspace will be explored. The video below will explain the basics of post-processing. Everything used in the video is available at the finishing station in the Makerspace.

<youtube>l6dI3RDorwk</youtube>
<youtube>ZTE9bJyUO_8</youtube>

The most basic post-processing procedure is support removal. The Ultimaker 2+ printers in Makerspace are single extruder printers which means the supports are printed using the same material as the main model. Typically, the supports are easily removed by breaking them off the printed model. However, when supports are placed in tight corners or hard to reach places, additional tools such as pliers will be needed to remove the material. Dual extruder printers will allow you to print the supports with a different soluble material than the main part. This means the difficult to remove supports can be dissolved away by soaking it in another liquid.

Another basic procedure is sanding. 3D printed parts will often have rough surfaces from the layers. Sanding is the easiest way to create a smooth surface. At the finishing station, there are sandpaper of different grit sizes to sand down your model. There are also files at the station for edges and holes. It is important to sand the surfaces in circular motions to ensure the aesthetics of the model.

Gluing the model is one of the most common post-processing options to attach parts together. There are many glue options available at the Makerspace, including super glue and hot glue. Hot glue is easy to use but it will leave a visible gap as 2-3mm of glue is needed to secure the parts together. Hot glue is also not very strong. Super glue is a good option for a seamless seal that cures fast.

Painting is one of the most common finishing processes. The model needs to be primed first before being painted. The model should be sanded with a low and then medium grit sandpaper. Prime the model with a coat of primer paint. Once everything is dry, you can start painting your model with other colors. Acrylic paint and paintbrushes are available to use at Makerspace.

==[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Intermediate/Bed Levelling, Filament Change|Bed Levelling, Filament Change]]==

===Bed Levelling===
<youtube>0shirFB7o1s</youtube>

If the printer is not printing properly (especially if the issue is noticeable on the very first layers of the print, where a difference in the layer height is noticeable), the build plate level may need to be adjusted. For minor adjustments, this can be done by using the three knobs (thumb screws) on the underside of the plate. For more major adjustments (>1mm), the build plate should be leveled through the printer’s onboard software by going to Maintenance→Build Plate, and following the onscreen instructions. If unsure, always use the latter method. The calibration cards needed are at the finishing station. However, in Makerspace, bed levelling should only be performed by the staff.

===Filament Change===
<youtube>9v1w_dmpLu0</youtube>

To change the filament on an Ultimaker 2+ printer, go to Material→Change in the printer’s user interface and follow the onscreen instructions. If ever the filament has almost run out, or if you desire to change the color of a print midway, you may navigate to Pause→Change Material and following the onscreen instructions. If changing mid-way, it is recommended that the older filament be completely purged from the nozzle using the new filament. Otherwise, the result will not be good. Again, within the Makerspace, this should only be done by the staff working.

==[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Intermediate/Selecting Nozzle Sizes|Selecting Nozzle Sizes]]==
[[File:Nozzle Size.png|thumb]]
Nozzle size is the first decision to make when 3D printing. Within Makerspace, there are four options of nozzle size using the Ultimaker 2+, 0.25mm, 0.4mm, 0.6mm, and 0.8mm. Choosing between the options depends on the fine details of the model and the print speed required.

*A smaller nozzle size will allow for finer details and better dimension accuracy. However, it will also take longer to print the model.
*A larger nozzle can provide faster print time and also create stronger prints.
*A smaller nozzle diameter can cause it to be more difficult to print with overhangs as each layer has less width to adhere to the next one.
*However, with a smaller nozzle, the supports are easier to remove as the printer will use less material for supports making it easier to break away.
*A larger nozzle is able to print with less infill as the walls would be thicker to ensure strength.

==[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Intermediate/Troubleshooting|Troubleshooting]]==

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-CMotQ-nqI&t=249s
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Issue (symptom)'''
|'''Possible Cause (diagnosis)'''
|'''Potential Fix (cure)'''
|-
|Warping
|Not enough/too much model base surface contact to the print bed
|Add build plate adhesion such as a brim or a raft. Refer to adhesion section for further explanation.
|-
| rowspan="3" |Bad adhesion
|Dirty build plate
|Clean off the build plate first. Debris and oils from your fingers can cause difficulties for the material to stick.
|-
|Not enough/too much model base surface contact to the print bed
|Add build plate adhesion such as a brim or a raft.
|-
|Uneven print bed/Bed too far from nozzle at initial layer
|This is the least likely possibility. Relevel the build plate. Ask a Makerspace staff for more details.
|-
| rowspan="2" |No extrusion
|No filament
|Replace filament spool. Ask a Makerspace staff to replace the filament spool.
|-
|Filament clog
|Keep in mind that it is uncommon that this is the actual cause of lack of extrusion. Ask a Makerspace employee to assist with further diagnosis.
|-
| rowspan="3" |Underextrusion
|The forwarding mechanism (gearbox) ground through the filament
|Move the filament out of the forwarding mechanism. Use the change material feature to speed up the removal. While the mechanism is whirring to remove the material, pull slightly on the filament, at the back of the printer for the mechanism to grab. Break the filament clean off at the section where the filament was ground, clean up the end by cutting it off. Re-forward the material into the printer, making sure the right material is chosen in the menu.
|-
|Wet (very brittle) filament
|Remove wet section of the filament (0.25 to 0.5m length) and re-load. Ask a Makerspace staff for further support.
|-
|Filament clog
|Keep in mind that it is uncommon that this is the actual cause of lack of extrusion. Ask a Makerspace employee to assist with further diagnosis.
|-
|Print not level
|Model not well seated on bed (in slicer)
|Use the snap to bed feature in your slicer (when available), add a brim to preview which flat sections are well seated on the bed
|-
|Drooling
|No supports when needed
|Add supports. Refer to the supports section.
|}

==References==
<references />

Digital technologies/Textiles/How to use the Heat Press

2025-07-28T17:29:15Z

Abbywilson13:

Here are some instructions on how to press a vinyl decal of a desired profile onto a piece of fabric using the heat press. Within this process you will be required to use the laser cutter to get an accurate profile of the desired design. Using this process, it is possible to cut the vinyl sheet in any shape or design that you desire. Furthermore, using Inkscape’s built-in feature for bitmapping, it is possible to take any image found online and make a vinyl cut of it.

The process is one of three parts: Inkscape design, laser cutting, and heat press onto fabric.

== Inkscape Design ==
1. Install Inkscape

2. Open a new document

3. Change the document properties to fit the size of the design you desire (file>document properties)
[[File:Heatpress1.jpg|center|thumb]]
4. Create the desired design

a. Create the design you desire using the different tools in the tool bar on the left of the Inkscape window

b. Find a premade design online> copy past the picture into Inkscape>generates a bitmap of the design (path>trace bitmap)>adjust the chosen mapping tool to get the desired image profile
[[File:Heapress2.jpg|center|thumb]]

5. Now '''invert the design''' using the flip tool in the toolbar
[[File:Heatpress3.jpg|center|thumb]]

6. For the design remove any Fill (Object>Fill and stroke>Fill)

7. Change the colour of the stroke paint to RGB by having the following values (Object>Fill and stroke>Stroke paint>RGB)

8. Change the stroke width of your design to '''0.001 inches''' (Object>Fill and stroke>stroke style)

9. Now save the document as a '''PDF''' document (File>Save as> PDF)

== Laser cutting ==
If you prefer to use the Cricut machine to cut out your vinyl design, go to this link and review the steps for how to use it [[Digital technologies/Textiles/Die-cutting using Cricut|here]].

1. Turn on the laser cutter

2. Open the PDF document in adobe acrobat

3. Select print

4. Within the printing window select the laser cutter among the different printers

5. Open the laser cutter print properties

6. Now set the parameters to have a vector job with the following settings:[[File:Heatpress4.jpg|center|thumb]]

7. Now send the job to the Laser cutter by pressing print

8. Take a piece of vinyl and use 4 pieces of tape to secure it down to a piece of MDF (This is just to make sure your Vinyl stays flat in the laser cutter during the operation)

Note: position the pieces of tape in the 4 different corners, making sure that the tape does not cover the design. Furthermore, make sure the vinyl sheet is placed '''shiny side down'''.
[[File:Heatpress5.jpg|center|thumb]]

9. Re-home/level the laser head on the plane if required

10. Start the laser cutting job.
[[File:Heatpress6.jpg|center|thumb]]

== Vinyl pressing onto material ==
1. Remove all undesired vinyl pieces from the vinyl sheet so that only the final design is left, peeling the vinyl off the shiny transparent plastic or cutting it with scissors
[[File:Heatpress7.jpg|center|thumb]]

2. Turn on the heat press and set the temperature to 305°F

3. Position the vinyl design onto the fabric in the desired position (Shinny side up and sticky side down)

4. Take the fabric and centre it under the head of the heat press
[[File:Heatpress8.jpg|center|thumb]]

5. Press the head of the heat press down onto the fabric using the clamp for '''10 seconds'''

6. Lift the clamp on the heat press, re-press if needed then remove the fabric

7. Remove the sticky backing from the fabric and let cool
[[File:Heatpress9.jpg|center|thumb]]For more information on how to use a heat press, follow this link to the other wiki [[Digital technologies/Textiles/Die-cutting using Cricut#Using the Heat Press|here]].

== Appendix ==
=== Colour Mapping ===
Within this appendix you will find additional information on how to use the colour mapping setting on the laser cutter.

==== Inkscape Vector design ====

Follow steps 1-5 in vector design above

1. Create a contour box around your design

2. For both the contour box and the design remove any Fill (Object>Fill and stroke>Fill)

3. For the contour box change the colour of the stroke paint to Green by having the following values (Object>Fill and stroke>Stroke paint>RGB)

* '''R=0 / G=255 / B=0 /A=100'''

4. For the design, change the colour of the stroke paint to Red by having the following values (Object>Fill and stroke>Stroke paint>RGB)

* '''R=255 / G=0 / B=0 / A=100'''

5. For both the contour box and the design change the stroke width to 0.001 inches (Object>Fill and stroke>stroke style)

6. Now save the document as a '''PDF''' document

==== Laser cutting ====

Follow steps 1-4 of laser cutting above

1. Select the colour mapping window within the print queue

2. Assign the correct colours to the desired operation (Green=cut / Red=Raster):
[[File:Heatpress10.jpg|center|thumb]]

* '''Red cuts the decal / Green cuts through'''

3. Now send the job to the Laser cutter

4. Take a piece of vinyl and use 4 pieces of tape to secure it down to a piece of MDF (This is just to make sure your Vinyl stays flat in the laser cutter during the operation)

Note: position the pieces of tape in the 4 different corners, making sure that the tape does not cover the l design. Furthermore, make sure the vinyl sheet is placed '''shiny side down'''.

5. Re-home/level the laser head on the plane if required

6. Start the laser cutting job.

For the rest of the process for heat press using colour mapping you may use the above instructions on the heat press onto material

Digital technologies/Textiles/How to use the Heat Press

2025-07-28T17:21:35Z

Abbywilson13: Added link

Here are some instructions on how to press a vinyl decal of a desired profile onto a piece of fabric using the heat press. Within this process you will be required to use the laser cutter to get an accurate profile of the desired design. Using this process, it is possible to cut the vinyl sheet in any shape or design that you desire. Furthermore, using Inkscape’s built-in feature for bitmapping, it is possible to take any image found online and make a vinyl cut of it.
The process is one of three parts: Inkscape design, laser cutting, and heat press onto fabric.

== Inkscape Design ==
1. Install Inkscape

2. Open a new document

3. Change the document properties to fit the size of the design you desire (file>document properties)
[[File:Heatpress1.jpg|center|thumb]]
4. Create the desired design

a. Create the design you desire using the different tools in the tool bar on the left of the Inkscape window

b. Find a premade design online> copy past the picture into Inkscape>generates a bitmap of the design (path>trace bitmap)>adjust the chosen mapping tool to get the desired image profile
[[File:Heapress2.jpg|center|thumb]]

5. Now '''invert the design''' using the flip tool in the toolbar
[[File:Heatpress3.jpg|center|thumb]]

6. For the design remove any Fill (Object>Fill and stroke>Fill)

7. Change the colour of the stroke paint to RGB by having the following values (Object>Fill and stroke>Stroke paint>RGB)

8. Change the stroke width of your design to '''0.001 inches''' (Object>Fill and stroke>stroke style)

9. Now save the document as a '''PDF''' document (File>Save as> PDF)

== Laser cutting ==
If you prefer to use the Cricut machine to cut out your vinyl design, go to this link and review the steps for how to use it [[Digital technologies/Textiles/Die-cutting using Cricut|here]].

1. Turn on the laser cutter

2. Open the PDF document in adobe acrobat

3. Select print

4. Within the printing window select the laser cutter among the different printers

5. Open the laser cutter print properties

6. Now set the parameters to have a vector job with the following settings:[[File:Heatpress4.jpg|center|thumb]]

7. Now send the job to the Laser cutter by pressing print

8. Take a piece of vinyl and use 4 pieces of tape to secure it down to a piece of MDF (This is just to make sure your Vinyl stays flat in the laser cutter during the operation)

Note: position the pieces of tape in the 4 different corners, making sure that the tape does not cover the design. Furthermore, make sure the vinyl sheet is placed '''shiny side down'''.
[[File:Heatpress5.jpg|center|thumb]]

9. Re-home/level the laser head on the plane if required

10. Start the laser cutting job.
[[File:Heatpress6.jpg|center|thumb]]

== Vinyl pressing onto material ==
1. Remove all undesired vinyl pieces from the vinyl sheet so that only the final design is left, peeling the vinyl off the shiny transparent plastic or cutting it with scissors
[[File:Heatpress7.jpg|center|thumb]]

2. Turn on the heat press and set the temperature to 305°F

3. Position the vinyl design onto the fabric in the desired position (Shinny side up and sticky side down)

4. Take the fabric and centre it under the head of the heat press
[[File:Heatpress8.jpg|center|thumb]]

5. Press the head of the heat press down onto the fabric using the clamp for '''10 seconds'''

6. Lift the clamp on the heat press, re-press if needed then remove the fabric

7. Remove the sticky backing from the fabric and let cool
[[File:Heatpress9.jpg|center|thumb]]

== Appendix ==
=== Colour Mapping ===
Within this appendix you will find additional information on how to use the colour mapping setting on the laser cutter.

==== Inkscape Vector design ====

Follow steps 1-5 in vector design above

1. Create a contour box around your design

2. For both the contour box and the design remove any Fill (Object>Fill and stroke>Fill)

3. For the contour box change the colour of the stroke paint to Green by having the following values (Object>Fill and stroke>Stroke paint>RGB)

* '''R=0 / G=255 / B=0 /A=100'''

4. For the design, change the colour of the stroke paint to Red by having the following values (Object>Fill and stroke>Stroke paint>RGB)

* '''R=255 / G=0 / B=0 / A=100'''

5. For both the contour box and the design change the stroke width to 0.001 inches (Object>Fill and stroke>stroke style)

6. Now save the document as a '''PDF''' document

==== Laser cutting ====

Follow steps 1-4 of laser cutting above

1. Select the colour mapping window within the print queue

2. Assign the correct colours to the desired operation (Green=cut / Red=Raster):
[[File:Heatpress10.jpg|center|thumb]]

* '''Red cuts the decal / Green cuts through'''

3. Now send the job to the Laser cutter

4. Take a piece of vinyl and use 4 pieces of tape to secure it down to a piece of MDF (This is just to make sure your Vinyl stays flat in the laser cutter during the operation)

Note: position the pieces of tape in the 4 different corners, making sure that the tape does not cover the l design. Furthermore, make sure the vinyl sheet is placed '''shiny side down'''.

5. Re-home/level the laser head on the plane if required

6. Start the laser cutting job.

For the rest of the process for heat press using colour mapping you may use the above instructions on the heat press onto material

Digital technologies/Textiles/How to use the Heat Press

2025-07-28T17:17:02Z

Abbywilson13: /* Laser cutting */

Here are some instructions on how to press a vinyl decal of a desired profile onto a piece of fabric using the heat press. Within this process you will be required to use the laser cutter to get an accurate profile of the desired design. Using this process, it is possible to cut the vinyl sheet in any shape or design that you desire. Furthermore, using Inkscape’s built-in feature for bitmapping, it is possible to take any image found online and make a vinyl cut of it.
The process is one of three parts: Inkscape design, laser cutting, and heat press onto fabric.

== Inkscape Design ==
1. Install Inkscape

2. Open a new document

3. Change the document properties to fit the size of the design you desire (file>document properties)
[[File:Heatpress1.jpg|center|thumb]]
4. Create the desired design

a. Create the design you desire using the different tools in the tool bar on the left of the Inkscape window

b. Find a premade design online> copy past the picture into Inkscape>generates a bitmap of the design (path>trace bitmap)>adjust the chosen mapping tool to get the desired image profile
[[File:Heapress2.jpg|center|thumb]]

5. Now '''invert the design''' using the flip tool in the toolbar
[[File:Heatpress3.jpg|center|thumb]]

6. For the design remove any Fill (Object>Fill and stroke>Fill)

7. Change the colour of the stroke paint to RGB by having the following values (Object>Fill and stroke>Stroke paint>RGB)

8. Change the stroke width of your design to '''0.001 inches''' (Object>Fill and stroke>stroke style)

9. Now save the document as a '''PDF''' document (File>Save as> PDF)

== Laser cutting ==
1. Turn on the laser cutter

2. Open the PDF document in adobe acrobat

3. Select print

4. Within the printing window select the laser cutter among the different printers

5. Open the laser cutter print properties

6. Now set the parameters to have a vector job with the following settings:
[[File:Heatpress4.jpg|center|thumb]]

7. Now send the job to the Laser cutter by pressing print

8. Take a piece of vinyl and use 4 pieces of tape to secure it down to a piece of MDF (This is just to make sure your Vinyl stays flat in the laser cutter during the operation)

Note: position the pieces of tape in the 4 different corners, making sure that the tape does not cover the design. Furthermore, make sure the vinyl sheet is placed '''shiny side down'''.
[[File:Heatpress5.jpg|center|thumb]]

9. Re-home/level the laser head on the plane if required

10. Start the laser cutting job.
[[File:Heatpress6.jpg|center|thumb]]

== Vinyl pressing onto material ==
1. Remove all undesired vinyl pieces from the vinyl sheet so that only the final design is left, peeling the vinyl off the shiny transparent plastic or cutting it with scissors
[[File:Heatpress7.jpg|center|thumb]]

2. Turn on the heat press and set the temperature to 305°F

3. Position the vinyl design onto the fabric in the desired position (Shinny side up and sticky side down)

4. Take the fabric and centre it under the head of the heat press
[[File:Heatpress8.jpg|center|thumb]]

5. Press the head of the heat press down onto the fabric using the clamp for '''10 seconds'''

6. Lift the clamp on the heat press, re-press if needed then remove the fabric

7. Remove the sticky backing from the fabric and let cool
[[File:Heatpress9.jpg|center|thumb]]

== Appendix ==
=== Colour Mapping ===
Within this appendix you will find additional information on how to use the colour mapping setting on the laser cutter.

==== Inkscape Vector design ====

Follow steps 1-5 in vector design above

1. Create a contour box around your design

2. For both the contour box and the design remove any Fill (Object>Fill and stroke>Fill)

3. For the contour box change the colour of the stroke paint to Green by having the following values (Object>Fill and stroke>Stroke paint>RGB)

* '''R=0 / G=255 / B=0 /A=100'''

4. For the design, change the colour of the stroke paint to Red by having the following values (Object>Fill and stroke>Stroke paint>RGB)

* '''R=255 / G=0 / B=0 / A=100'''

5. For both the contour box and the design change the stroke width to 0.001 inches (Object>Fill and stroke>stroke style)

6. Now save the document as a '''PDF''' document

==== Laser cutting ====

Follow steps 1-4 of laser cutting above

1. Select the colour mapping window within the print queue

2. Assign the correct colours to the desired operation (Green=cut / Red=Raster):
[[File:Heatpress10.jpg|center|thumb]]

* '''Red cuts the decal / Green cuts through'''

3. Now send the job to the Laser cutter

4. Take a piece of vinyl and use 4 pieces of tape to secure it down to a piece of MDF (This is just to make sure your Vinyl stays flat in the laser cutter during the operation)

Note: position the pieces of tape in the 4 different corners, making sure that the tape does not cover the l design. Furthermore, make sure the vinyl sheet is placed '''shiny side down'''.

5. Re-home/level the laser head on the plane if required

6. Start the laser cutting job.

For the rest of the process for heat press using colour mapping you may use the above instructions on the heat press onto material

Digital technologies/Textiles/How to use the Heat Press

2025-07-28T14:36:32Z

Abbywilson13: /* images added

Here are some instructions on how to press a vinyl decal of a desired profile onto a piece of fabric using the heat press. Within this process you will be required to use the laser cutter to get an accurate profile of the desired design. Using this process, it is possible to cut the vinyl sheet in any shape or design that you desire. Furthermore, using Inkscape’s built-in feature for bitmapping, it is possible to take any image found online and make a vinyl cut of it.
The process is one of three parts: Inkscape design, laser cutting, and heat press onto fabric.

== Inkscape Design ==
1. Install Inkscape

2. Open a new document

3. Change the document properties to fit the size of the design you desire (file>document properties)
[[File:Heatpress1.jpg|center|thumb]]
4. Create the desired design

a. Create the design you desire using the different tools in the tool bar on the left of the Inkscape window

b. Find a premade design online> copy past the picture into Inkscape>generates a bitmap of the design (path>trace bitmap)>adjust the chosen mapping tool to get the desired image profile
[[File:Heapress2.jpg|center|thumb]]

5. Now invert the design using the flip tool in the toolbar
[[File:Heatpress3.jpg|center|thumb]]

6. For the design remove any Fill (Object>Fill and stroke>Fill)

7. Change the colour of the stroke paint to RGB by having the following values (Object>Fill and stroke>Stroke paint>RGB)

8. Change the stroke width of your design to 0.001 inches (Object>Fill and stroke>stroke style)

9. Now save the document as a PDF document (File>Save as> PDF)

== Laser cutting ==
1. Turn on the laser cutter

2. Open the PDF document in adobe acrobat

3. Select print

4. Within the printing window select the laser cutter among the different printers

5. Open the laser cutter print properties

6. Now set the parameters to have a vector job with the following settings:
[[File:Heatpress4.jpg|center|thumb]]

7. Now send the job to the Laser cutter by pressing print

8. Take a piece of vinyl and use 4 pieces of tape to secure it down to a piece of MDF (This is just to make sure your Vinyl stays flat in the laser cutter during the operation)

Note: position the pieces of tape in the 4 different corners, making sure that the tape does not cover the design. Furthermore, make sure the vinyl sheet is placed shiny side down.
[[File:Heatpress5.jpg|center|thumb]]

9. Re-home/level the laser head on the plane if required

10. Start the laser cutting job.
[[File:Heatpress6.jpg|center|thumb]]

== Vinyl pressing onto material ==
1. Remove all undesired vinyl pieces from the vinyl sheet so that only the final design is left, peeling the vinyl off the shiny transparent plastic or cutting it with scissors
[[File:Heatpress7.jpg|center|thumb]]

2. Turn on the heat press and set the temperature to 305°F

3. Position the vinyl design onto the fabric in the desired position (Shinny side up and sticky side down)

4. Take the fabric and centre it under the head of the heat press
[[File:Heatpress8.jpg|center|thumb]]

5. Press the head of the heat press down onto the fabric using the clamp for 10 seconds

6. Lift the clamp on the heat press, re-press if needed then remove the fabric

7. Remove the sticky backing from the fabric and let cool
[[File:Heatpress9.jpg|center|thumb]]

== Appendix ==
=== Colour Mapping ===
Within this appendix you will find additional information on how to use the colour mapping setting on the laser cutter.

==== Inkscape Vector design ====

Follow steps 1-5 in vector design above

1. Create a contour box around your design

2. For both the contour box and the design remove any Fill (Object>Fill and stroke>Fill)

3. For the contour box change the colour of the stroke paint to Green by having the following values (Object>Fill and stroke>Stroke paint>RGB)

* R=0/G=255/B=0/A=100

4. For the design, change the colour of the stroke paint to Red by having the following values (Object>Fill and stroke>Stroke paint>RGB)

* R=255/G=0/B=0/A=100

5. For both the contour box and the design change the stroke width to 0.001 inches (Object>Fill and stroke>stroke style)

6. Now save the document as a PDF document

==== Laser cutting ====

Follow steps 1-4 of laser cutting above

1. Select the colour mapping window within the print queue

2. Assign the correct colours to the desired operation (Green=cut / Red=Raster):
[[File:Heatpress10.jpg|center|thumb]]

* Red cuts the decal/Green cuts through

3. Now send the job to the Laser cutter

4. Take a piece of vinyl and use 4 pieces of tape to secure it down to a piece of MDF (This is just to make sure your Vinyl stays flat in the laser cutter during the operation)

Note: position the pieces of tape in the 4 different corners, making sure that the tape does not cover the l design. Furthermore, make sure the vinyl sheet is placed shiny side down.

5. Re-home/level the laser head on the plane if required

6. Start the laser cutting job.

For the rest of the process for heat press using colour mapping you may use the above instructions on the heat press onto material

File:Heatpress10.jpg

2025-07-28T14:36:18Z

Abbywilson13:

heat press how to image

File:Heatpress9.jpg

2025-07-28T14:35:30Z

Abbywilson13:

heat press how to image

File:Heatpress8.jpg

2025-07-28T14:34:46Z

Abbywilson13:

heat press how to image

File:Heatpress7.jpg

2025-07-28T14:34:14Z

Abbywilson13:

heat press how to image

File:Heatpress6.jpg

2025-07-28T14:33:31Z

Abbywilson13:

heat press how to image

File:Heatpress5.jpg

2025-07-28T14:32:32Z

Abbywilson13:

heat press how to image

File:Heatpress4.jpg

2025-07-28T14:29:29Z

Abbywilson13:

heat press how to image

File:Heatpress3.jpg

2025-07-28T14:28:06Z

Abbywilson13:

heat press how to image

File:Heapress2.jpg

2025-07-28T14:22:48Z

Abbywilson13:

heat press how to image

File:Heatpress1.jpg

2025-07-28T14:21:21Z

Abbywilson13:

heat press how to image

Digital technologies/Textiles/How to use the Heat Press

2025-07-28T14:15:43Z

Abbywilson13: /* Appendix */

Here are some instructions on how to press a vinyl decal of a desired profile onto a piece of fabric using the heat press. Within this process you will be required to use the laser cutter to get an accurate profile of the desired design. Using this process, it is possible to cut the vinyl sheet in any shape or design that you desire. Furthermore, using Inkscape’s built-in feature for bitmapping, it is possible to take any image found online and make a vinyl cut of it.
The process is one of three parts: Inkscape design, laser cutting, and heat press onto fabric.

== Inkscape Design ==
1. Install Inkscape

2. Open a new document

3. Change the document properties to fit the size of the design you desire (file>document properties)

4. Create the desired design

a. Create the design you desire using the different tools in the tool bar on the left of the Inkscape window

b. Find a premade design online> copy past the picture into Inkscape>generates a bitmap of the design (path>trace bitmap)>adjust the chosen mapping tool to get the desired image profile

5. Now invert the design using the flip tool in the toolbar

6. For the design remove any Fill (Object>Fill and stroke>Fill)

7. Change the colour of the stroke paint to RGB by having the following values (Object>Fill and stroke>Stroke paint>RGB)

8. Change the stroke width of your design to 0.001 inches (Object>Fill and stroke>stroke style)

9. Now save the document as a PDF document (File>Save as> PDF)

== Laser cutting ==
1. Turn on the laser cutter

2. Open the PDF document in adobe acrobat

3. Select print

4. Within the printing window select the laser cutter among the different printers

5. Open the laser cutter print properties

6. Now set the parameters to have a vector job with the following settings:

7. Now send the job to the Laser cutter by pressing print

8. Take a piece of vinyl and use 4 pieces of tape to secure it down to a piece of MDF (This is just to make sure your Vinyl stays flat in the laser cutter during the operation)

Note: position the pieces of tape in the 4 different corners, making sure that the tape does not cover the design. Furthermore, make sure the vinyl sheet is placed shiny side down.

9. Re-home/level the laser head on the plane if required

10. Start the laser cutting job.

== Vinyl pressing onto material ==
1. Remove all undesired vinyl pieces from the vinyl sheet so that only the final design is left, peeling the vinyl off the shiny transparent plastic or cutting it with scissors

2. Turn on the heat press and set the temperature to 305°F

3. Position the vinyl design onto the fabric in the desired position (Shinny side up and sticky side down)

4. Take the fabric and centre it under the head of the heat press

5. Press the head of the heat press down onto the fabric using the clamp for 10 seconds

6. Lift the clamp on the heat press, re-press if needed then remove the fabric

7. Remove the sticky backing from the fabric and let cool

== Appendix ==
=== Colour Mapping ===
Within this appendix you will find additional information on how to use the colour mapping setting on the laser cutter.

==== Inkscape Vector design ====

Follow steps 1-5 in vector design above

1. Create a contour box around your design

2. For both the contour box and the design remove any Fill (Object>Fill and stroke>Fill)

3. For the contour box change the colour of the stroke paint to Green by having the following values (Object>Fill and stroke>Stroke paint>RGB)

* R=0/G=255/B=0/A=100

4. For the design, change the colour of the stroke paint to Red by having the following values (Object>Fill and stroke>Stroke paint>RGB)

* R=255/G=0/B=0/A=100

5. For both the contour box and the design change the stroke width to 0.001 inches (Object>Fill and stroke>stroke style)

6. Now save the document as a PDF document

==== Laser cutting ====

Follow steps 1-4 of laser cutting above

1. Select the colour mapping window within the print queue

2. Assign the correct colours to the desired operation (Green=cut / Red=Raster):

* Red cuts the decal/Green cuts through

3. Now send the job to the Laser cutter

4. Take a piece of vinyl and use 4 pieces of tape to secure it down to a piece of MDF (This is just to make sure your Vinyl stays flat in the laser cutter during the operation)

Note: position the pieces of tape in the 4 different corners, making sure that the tape does not cover the l design. Furthermore, make sure the vinyl sheet is placed shiny side down.

5. Re-home/level the laser head on the plane if required

6. Start the laser cutting job.

For the rest of the process for heat press using colour mapping you may use the above instructions on the heat press onto material

Digital technologies/Textiles/How to use the Heat Press

2025-07-28T14:15:11Z

Abbywilson13:

Here are some instructions on how to press a vinyl decal of a desired profile onto a piece of fabric using the heat press. Within this process you will be required to use the laser cutter to get an accurate profile of the desired design. Using this process, it is possible to cut the vinyl sheet in any shape or design that you desire. Furthermore, using Inkscape’s built-in feature for bitmapping, it is possible to take any image found online and make a vinyl cut of it.
The process is one of three parts: Inkscape design, laser cutting, and heat press onto fabric.

== Inkscape Design ==
1. Install Inkscape

2. Open a new document

3. Change the document properties to fit the size of the design you desire (file>document properties)

4. Create the desired design

a. Create the design you desire using the different tools in the tool bar on the left of the Inkscape window

b. Find a premade design online> copy past the picture into Inkscape>generates a bitmap of the design (path>trace bitmap)>adjust the chosen mapping tool to get the desired image profile

5. Now invert the design using the flip tool in the toolbar

6. For the design remove any Fill (Object>Fill and stroke>Fill)

7. Change the colour of the stroke paint to RGB by having the following values (Object>Fill and stroke>Stroke paint>RGB)

8. Change the stroke width of your design to 0.001 inches (Object>Fill and stroke>stroke style)

9. Now save the document as a PDF document (File>Save as> PDF)

== Laser cutting ==
1. Turn on the laser cutter

2. Open the PDF document in adobe acrobat

3. Select print

4. Within the printing window select the laser cutter among the different printers

5. Open the laser cutter print properties

6. Now set the parameters to have a vector job with the following settings:

7. Now send the job to the Laser cutter by pressing print

8. Take a piece of vinyl and use 4 pieces of tape to secure it down to a piece of MDF (This is just to make sure your Vinyl stays flat in the laser cutter during the operation)

Note: position the pieces of tape in the 4 different corners, making sure that the tape does not cover the design. Furthermore, make sure the vinyl sheet is placed shiny side down.

9. Re-home/level the laser head on the plane if required

10. Start the laser cutting job.

== Vinyl pressing onto material ==
1. Remove all undesired vinyl pieces from the vinyl sheet so that only the final design is left, peeling the vinyl off the shiny transparent plastic or cutting it with scissors

2. Turn on the heat press and set the temperature to 305°F

3. Position the vinyl design onto the fabric in the desired position (Shinny side up and sticky side down)

4. Take the fabric and centre it under the head of the heat press

5. Press the head of the heat press down onto the fabric using the clamp for 10 seconds

6. Lift the clamp on the heat press, re-press if needed then remove the fabric

7. Remove the sticky backing from the fabric and let cool

== Appendix ==
Within this appendix you will find additional information on how to use the colour mapping setting on the laser cutter.

=== Colour Mapping ===

==== Inkscape Vector design ====

Follow steps 1-5 in vector design above

1. Create a contour box around your design

2. For both the contour box and the design remove any Fill (Object>Fill and stroke>Fill)

3. For the contour box change the colour of the stroke paint to Green by having the following values (Object>Fill and stroke>Stroke paint>RGB)

* R=0/G=255/B=0/A=100

4. For the design, change the colour of the stroke paint to Red by having the following values (Object>Fill and stroke>Stroke paint>RGB)

* R=255/G=0/B=0/A=100

5. For both the contour box and the design change the stroke width to 0.001 inches (Object>Fill and stroke>stroke style)

6. Now save the document as a PDF document

==== Laser cutting ====

Follow steps 1-4 of laser cutting above

1. Select the colour mapping window within the print queue

2. Assign the correct colours to the desired operation (Green=cut / Red=Raster):

* Red cuts the decal/Green cuts through

3. Now send the job to the Laser cutter

4. Take a piece of vinyl and use 4 pieces of tape to secure it down to a piece of MDF (This is just to make sure your Vinyl stays flat in the laser cutter during the operation)

Note: position the pieces of tape in the 4 different corners, making sure that the tape does not cover the l design. Furthermore, make sure the vinyl sheet is placed shiny side down.

5. Re-home/level the laser head on the plane if required

6. Start the laser cutting job.

For the rest of the process for heat press using colour mapping you may use the above instructions on the heat press onto material

Digital technologies/Textiles/How to use the Heat Press

2025-07-28T14:14:12Z

Abbywilson13: /* Laser cutting */

Here are some instructions on how to press a vinyl decal of a desired profile onto a piece of fabric using the heat press. Within this process you will be required to use the laser cutter to get an accurate profile of the desired design. Using this process, it is possible to cut the vinyl sheet in any shape or design that you desire. Furthermore, using Inkscape’s built-in feature for bitmapping, it is possible to take any image found online and make a vinyl cut of it.
The process is one of three parts: Inkscape design, laser cutting, and heat press onto fabric.

== Inkscape Design ==
1. Install Inkscape

2. Open a new document

3. Change the document properties to fit the size of the design you desire (file>document properties)

4. Create the desired design

a. Create the design you desire using the different tools in the tool bar on the left of the Inkscape window

b. Find a premade design online> copy past the picture into Inkscape>generates a bitmap of the design (path>trace bitmap)>adjust the chosen mapping tool to get the desired image profile

5. Now invert the design using the flip tool in the toolbar

6. For the design remove any Fill (Object>Fill and stroke>Fill)

7. Change the colour of the stroke paint to RGB by having the following values (Object>Fill and stroke>Stroke paint>RGB)

8. Change the stroke width of your design to 0.001 inches (Object>Fill and stroke>stroke style)

9. Now save the document as a PDF document (File>Save as> PDF)

== Laser cutting ==
1. Turn on the laser cutter

2. Open the PDF document in adobe acrobat

3. Select print

4. Within the printing window select the laser cutter among the different printers

5. Open the laser cutter print properties

6. Now set the parameters to have a vector job with the following settings:

7. Now send the job to the Laser cutter by pressing print

8. Take a piece of vinyl and use 4 pieces of tape to secure it down to a piece of MDF (This is just to make sure your Vinyl stays flat in the laser cutter during the operation)

Note: position the pieces of tape in the 4 different corners, making sure that the tape does not cover the design. Furthermore, make sure the vinyl sheet is placed shiny side down.

9. Re-home/level the laser head on the plane if required

10. Start the laser cutting job.

== Vinyl pressing onto material ==
1. Remove all undesired vinyl pieces from the vinyl sheet so that only the final design is left, peeling the vinyl off the shiny transparent plastic or cutting it with scissors

2. Turn on the heat press and set the temperature to 305°F

3. Position the vinyl design onto the fabric in the desired position (Shinny side up and sticky side down)

4. Take the fabric and centre it under the head of the heat press

5. Press the head of the heat press down onto the fabric using the clamp for 10 seconds

6. Lift the clamp on the heat press, re-press if needed then remove the fabric

7. Remove the sticky backing from the fabric and let cool

== Appendix ==
Within this appendix you will find additional information on how to use the colour mapping setting on the laser cutter.

Colour Mapping

Inkscape Vector design

Follow steps 1-5 in vector design above

1. Create a contour box around your design

2. For both the contour box and the design remove any Fill (Object>Fill and stroke>Fill)

3. For the contour box change the colour of the stroke paint to Green by having the following values (Object>Fill and stroke>Stroke paint>RGB)

* R=0/G=255/B=0/A=100

4. For the design, change the colour of the stroke paint to Red by having the following values (Object>Fill and stroke>Stroke paint>RGB)

* R=255/G=0/B=0/A=100

5. For both the contour box and the design change the stroke width to 0.001 inches (Object>Fill and stroke>stroke style)

6. Now save the document as a PDF document

Laser cutting

Follow steps 1-4 of laser cutting above

1. Select the colour mapping window within the print queue

2. Assign the correct colours to the desired operation (Green=cut / Red=Raster):

* Red cuts the decal/Green cuts through

3. Now send the job to the Laser cutter

4. Take a piece of vinyl and use 4 pieces of tape to secure it down to a piece of MDF (This is just to make sure your Vinyl stays flat in the laser cutter during the operation)

Note: position the pieces of tape in the 4 different corners, making sure that the tape does not cover the l design. Furthermore, make sure the vinyl sheet is placed shiny side down.

5. Re-home/level the laser head on the plane if required

6. Start the laser cutting job.

For the rest of the process for heat press using colour mapping you may use the above instructions on the heat press onto material

Digital technologies/Textiles/How to use the Heat Press

2025-07-28T14:07:30Z

Abbywilson13: Created page with "Here are some instructions on how to press a vinyl decal of a desired profile onto a piece of fabric using the heat press. Within this process you will be required to use the laser cutter to get an accurate profile of the desired design. Using this process, it is possible to cut the vinyl sheet in any shape or design that you desire. Furthermore, using Inkscape’s built-in feature for bitmapping, it is possible to take any image found online and make a vinyl cut of it...."

Here are some instructions on how to press a vinyl decal of a desired profile onto a piece of fabric using the heat press. Within this process you will be required to use the laser cutter to get an accurate profile of the desired design. Using this process, it is possible to cut the vinyl sheet in any shape or design that you desire. Furthermore, using Inkscape’s built-in feature for bitmapping, it is possible to take any image found online and make a vinyl cut of it.
The process is one of three parts: Inkscape design, laser cutting, and heat press onto fabric.

== Inkscape Design ==
1. Install Inkscape
2. Open a new document
3. Change the document properties to fit the size of the design you desire (file>document properties)

4. Create the desired design
a. Create the design you desire using the different tools in the tool bar on the left of the Inkscape window
b. Find a premade design online> copy past the picture into Inkscape>generates a bitmap of the design (path>trace bitmap)>adjust the chosen mapping tool to get the desired image profile

5. Now invert the design using the flip tool in the toolbar
6. For the design remove any Fill (Object>Fill and stroke>Fill)
7. Change the colour of the stroke paint to RGB by having the following values (Object>Fill and stroke>Stroke paint>RGB)
8. Change the stroke width of your design to 0.001 inches (Object>Fill and stroke>stroke style)
9. Now save the document as a PDF document (File>Save as> PDF)

== Laser cutting ==
1. Turn on the laser cutter
2. Open the PDF document in adobe acrobat
3. Select print
4. Within the printing window select the laser cutter among the different printers
5. Open the laser cutter print properties
6. Now set the parameters to have a vector job with the following settings:
50W Laser 60W Laser
Power Speed Frequency Power Speed Frequency
11% 80% 500 Hz 4% 20% 5000 Hz

7. Now send the job to the Laser cutter by pressing print
8. Take a piece of vinyl and use 4 pieces of tape to secure it down to a piece of MDF (This is just to make sure your Vinyl stays flat in the laser cutter during the operation)
a. Note: position the pieces of tape in the 4 different corners, making sure that the tape does not cover the design. Furthermore, make sure the vinyl sheet is placed shiny side down.

9. Re-home/level the laser head on the plane if required
10. Start the laser cutting job.

== Vinyl pressing onto material ==
1. Remove all undesired vinyl pieces from the vinyl sheet so that only the final design is left, peeling the vinyl off the shiny transparent plastic or cutting it with scissors

2. Turn on the heat press and set the temperature to 305°F
3. Position the vinyl design onto the fabric in the desired position (Shinny side up and sticky side down)
4. Take the fabric and centre it under the head of the heat press

5. Press the head of the heat press down onto the fabric using the clamp for 10 seconds
6. Lift the clamp on the heat press, re-press if needed then remove the fabric
7. Remove the sticky backing from the fabric and let cool

== Appendix ==
Within this appendix you will find additional information on how to use the colour mapping setting on the laser cutter.
Colour Mapping
- Inkscape Vector design
Follow steps 1-5 in vector design above
1. Create a contour box around your design
2. For both the contour box and the design remove any Fill (Object>Fill and stroke>Fill)
3. For the contour box change the colour of the stroke paint to Green by having the following values (Object>Fill and stroke>Stroke paint>RGB)
a. R=0/G=255/B=0/A=100
4. For the design, change the colour of the stroke paint to Red by having the following values (Object>Fill and stroke>Stroke paint>RGB)
a. R=255/G=0/B=0/A=100
5. For both the contour box and the design change the stroke width to 0.001 inches (Object>Fill and stroke>stroke style)
6. Now save the document as a PDF document
- Laser cutting
Follow steps 1-4 of laser cutting above
1. Select the colour mapping window within the print queue
2. Assign the correct colours to the desired operation (Green=cut / Red=Raster)
11. 50W Laser 60W Laser
Parameters Power Speed Frequency Power Speed Frequency
Red 11% 80% 500 Hz 4% 20% 5000 Hz
Green 23% 80% 500 Hz 24% 80% 5000 Hz
****Red cuts the decal/Green cuts through
3. Now send the job to the Laser cutter
4. Take a piece of vinyl and use 4 pieces of tape to secure it down to a piece of MDF (This is just to make sure your Vinyl stays flat in the laser cutter during the operation)
a. Note: position the pieces of tape in the 4 different corners, making sure that the tape does not cover the l design. Furthermore, make sure the vinyl sheet is placed shiny side down.
5. Re-home/level the laser head on the plane if required
6. Start the laser cutting job.
For the rest of the process for heat press using colour mapping you may use the above instructions on the heat press onto material

Digital technologies

2025-07-28T14:04:24Z

Abbywilson13: /* Textile resources */

Below you can find sections of different digital technologies, based on their level.

==[[Digital technologies/3D printing|3D printing resources]]==
Modern printing technology has enabled the accurate printing of nearly any shape in a wide variety of materials, with many different printing methods to choose from. Selecting a print method will depend on the application, material, and budget used. Materials vary from almost any metal alloy, thermoplastics, ceramics, paper, edibles, rubbers, and clay. Printing methods include extrusion (heating material and forcing through a nozzle), powder bed (placing powdered material and using adhesive or melting to attach), and light polymerized (using UV light to polymerize material on a build plate). 3D Printers utilize an onboard controller to control the printer head and build plate in order to print each 2D layer in the right order and position. In addition, most 3D printers have downloadable software (slicers) that allows a user to position a 3D model on a virtual build platform, as well as adjust the printer’s settings for the build before sending the data to the printer. These 3D models used by the software can be generated using [[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D modeling- Beginner|CAD (computer-aided design)]] methods, laser scanning, or photogrammetry, although CAD is typically used in conjunction with the latter two to refine the output from these methods.

===3D printing===

*[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Beginner|3D Printing- Beginner]]
**Basic understanding of 3D printing and 3D printers
**Ability to slice and start a print on an Ultimaker 2+ printer
**Basic ability to troubleshoot a print
*[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Intermediate|3D Printing- Intermediate]]
**Basic understanding of custom slicer settings and print orientation
**Basic understanding of print post processing
**Basic understanding of dual extrusion prints
**Basic understanding of different slicer software
**Intermediate understanding of printer functions
**Intermediate troubleshooting abilities
*[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D printing- Advanced|3D Printing- Advanced]]
**Ability to use all materials available at the Makerspace
**Ability to use all Makerspace printers
**Ability to print large components (print optimizations)
**Advanced understanding of 3D printing extrusion
**Proficient with UM2+ settings

===3D modeling (for 3D printing)===

*[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D modeling- Beginner|3D modeling- Beginner]]
**Basic knowledge of 3D modelling in TinkerCAD
**Basic knowledge of model modifications in TinkerCAD
*[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D modeling- Intermediate|3D modeling- Intermediate]]
**Proficient 3D modelling skills in TinkerCAD
**Basic ability in parametric CAD modelling softwares
*[[Digital technologies/3D printing/3D modeling- Advanced|3D modeling- Advanced]]
**Subdividing large models for 3D printing
**Basic understanding of one or more modelling softwares
**Basic understanding of 3D scanning and Scan to CAD

==[[Digital technologies/Laser cutting|Laser cutting resources]]==
Laser cutting uses a high-powered beam to cut material based on computer-controlled parameters. As the laser guides its beam along the material, everything in its direct path is vaporized, burned or melted. One of the benefits of laser cutting technology is the cut product rarely needs any finishing work as this process ensures a high-quality surface finish. A graphics software is used to import or create designs that are meant to be cut.

===Laser cutting===

*[[Digital technologies/Laser cutting/Laser cutting- Beginner|Laser Cutting- Beginner]]
*[[Digital technologies/Laser cutting/Laser cutting- Intermediate|Laser Cutting- Intermediate]]
*[[Digital technologies/Laser cutting/Rotary Laser Engraving|Rotary Laser Engraving]]

===Vector graphics editor===

*[[Digital technologies/Laser cutting/Vector graphics- Beginner|Vector Graphics- Beginner]]
*[[Digital technologies/Laser cutting/Vector graphics- Intermediate|Vector Graphics- Intermediate]]

==[[Digital technologies/Arduino|Arduino resources]]==
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform that provides an easy and accessible way to make robotics projects. The boards can receive input signals from sensors and produce outputs through its I/O pins. Arduino boards are used by a diverse set of people, including students, hobbyists, engineers, researchers due to the simple layout and programmability of the Arduino boards.

*[[Digital technologies/Arduino/Arduino- Beginner|Arduino- Beginner]]
** Basic understanding of programming
** Ability to control few components such as LEDs
** Basic understanding of how sensors work
** Basic understanding of the Arduino board

==[[Digital technologies/Soldering|Soldering resources]]==
Soldering allows you to create permanent/semi-permanent connection in any electrical circuit, this makes it ideal for later iterations of a project!
*[[Digital technologies/Soldering/Soldering- Beginner|Soldering- Beginner]]

==[[Digital technologies/Virtual reality|Virtual reality resources]]==

*[[Digital technologies/Virtual reality/Virtual reality- Beginner|Virtual Reality- Beginner]]
*[[Digital technologies/Virtual reality/Unity Project Resources|Unity Project Resources]]

==[[Digital technologies/Textiles|Textile resources]]==

*[[Digital technologies/Textiles/Embroidery- Beginner|Embroidery- Beginner]]
*[[Digital technologies/Textiles/3D printing on Fabric|3D printing on Fabric]]
*[[Digital technologies/Textiles/Die-cutting using Cricut|Die-cutting using Cricut]]
*[[Digital technologies/Textiles/How to use the Heat Press|How to use the Heat Press]]

==Other resources==

*[[Digital technologies/Raspberry Pi|Raspberry Pi]]
*[[Digital technologies/PCB milling machine|PCB milling machine]]
*[[Digital technologies/Vacuum Forming|Vacuum Forming]]
*[[Digital technologies/3D Scanning|3D Scanning]]

Professional development/Design thinking/Assistive Tech Resources

2025-07-22T17:20:20Z

Abbywilson13: /* images added

AT (assistive technology) resources are online tools to help users navigate different learning content and information regarding devices designed for accessibility.

==Accessibility Design Considerations==
Ensure that when you design your UI for clients having accessibility needs, you take into considerations the colours you use.

*[http://colorsafe.co/ This website] and [https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/ this website] based on the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) is a ''great'' resource that was suggested by a client who works in accessibility!
*[https://accessibility.blog.gov.uk/2016/09/02/dos-and-donts-on-designing-for-accessibility/ This website] also has great infographics for do’s and don'ts on designing for different accessibility groups.
*[http://www.sussex.ac.uk/tel/resource/tel_website/accessiblecontrast/?q=FFFFFF~003b49~1d4289~94a596~e56db1~d3273e~00bfb2~d6d2c4~ffc845~dc582a~41b6e6~1b365d~be84a3~5d3754~7da1c4~f2c75c~d0d3d4~007a78~000000 This University of Sussex page] with a few pre-loaded colours can be a very useful tool for this as well. Notice how the [http://www.sussex.ac.uk/tel/resource/tel_website/accessiblecontrast/?q=8f001a~ffffff uOttawa official backdrop colour scores well with white text].
*[https://www.color-blindness.com/coblis-color-blindness-simulator/ This website] allows you to upload a picture and see it through the eyes of someone with colour blindness.

===Different Types of Switches===
[[File:Switches.webp|thumb|Assessment switch kit from [https://www.inclusive.com/collections/hardware-switch-access-technology?srsltid=AfmBOor5k2U9DGBf6fpfp51f0ttOojLUWdYBH8VR1NSEDCSKCr3rWfbH inclusive.com]]]
A switch is an accessibility tool that can be used to control technology such as computers, smartphones, communication aids, powered wheelchairs, light switches, etc. They are used for people who have limitations in mobility or cognition. Because a switch only has the option of yes/on or no/off, it allows for more precise communication.

The following links are to websites that explain the differences between multiple types of switches. This should be your first step when determining what switch you will use in your design.
* [https://www.perkins.org/resource/introduction-7-common-adaptive-switches/ Introduction to 7 common adaptive switches]
* [https://www.testdevlab.com/blog/adaptive-switches-and-switch-access-in-accessibility-testing Adaptive switches and switch access in accessibility testing]
[[File:Auxcord.jpg|thumb|Example of aux cord from [https://bltt.org/switch-access/ better living through technology]]]

==== Aux Port Cords ====
Many designs for accessibility involve an aux cord to maneuver switch devices. It’s important to consider that each client or user that will use your prototype will have different needs when it comes to their abilities. Keep in mind of this and ensure you are using as many universally adaptive subsystems as possible like the [https://www.newegg.ca/satellitesale-3-ft-stereo-cables/p/1BJ-007D-00029 Universal aux cord].

[https://www.inclusive.com/collections/hardware-switch-access-technology The Inclusive website] and [https://enablingdevices.com/product-category/switches/ Enabling devices] show a variety of switches and materials to use them.

== Makers Making Change ==
[[File:MMC logo.png|thumb|200x200px|Makers Making Change logo]]

=== Resources ===
Makers making change has many resources for assistive tech. This is a list of beginner friendly tutorials and guides for you to get started on projects.
*[https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/_pages/3D_Printing// 3D Printing]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/_pages/Arduino// Arduino]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/_pages/CAD// CAD]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/_pages/Git_Hub// GitHub]
[[File:MMC library example.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Examples of accessibility aids made my Makers Making Change.]]

=== Assistive Devices ===
Makers Making Change also has a website that includes a [https://www.makersmakingchange.com/s/assistive-devices Library] of assistive devices they have had volunteers create for people. This is a great resource for assisting in the design process as well as benchmarking and prototyping existing products.

They have many more Open AT resources that can be explored through this link to their homepage [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/?mc%20cid=49f86fff41. Here]

== Instructables ==
[https://www.instructables.com/ Instructables] is a website that combines tips & tricks of different tools with workshops, designs, crafts, and more! They integrate learning with hands on examples just like your labs!

You can search up any key words like [https://www.instructables.com/search/?q=assistive%20tech&projects=featured Assistive tech] and filter through different tools such as laser cutting and 3D printing.

== Resource Library for Inclusion & Accessibility ==
The Rick Hansen Foundation has an online library full of e-books, lessons, activities, videos, and more on the importance of accessibility. This is a great resource for empathy and perspective for GNG 2101 projects. The library is completely free for anyone to use and can be accessed [https://www.rickhansen.com/schools-communities/resource-library Here].

File:MMC library example.jpg

2025-07-22T17:18:57Z

Abbywilson13:

examples of switches made by them

File:MMC library .png

2025-07-22T17:17:05Z

Abbywilson13:

examples of accessibility tools made by mmc

File:MMC logo.png

2025-07-22T17:14:32Z

Abbywilson13:

mmc logo

File:Auxcord.jpg

2025-07-22T17:11:54Z

Abbywilson13:

Aux cord example for switches

File:Switches.webp

2025-07-22T17:07:59Z

Abbywilson13:

Various styles of switches.

Professional development/Design thinking/Assistive Tech Resources

2025-07-22T16:07:47Z

Abbywilson13: /* Different Types of Switches */

AT (assistive technology) resources are online tools to help users navigate different learning content and information regarding devices designed for accessibility.

==Accessibility Design Considerations==
Ensure that when you design your UI for clients having accessibility needs, you take into considerations the colours you use.

*[http://colorsafe.co/ This website] and [https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/ this website] based on the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) is a ''great'' resource that was suggested by a client who works in accessibility!
*[https://accessibility.blog.gov.uk/2016/09/02/dos-and-donts-on-designing-for-accessibility/ This website] also has great infographics for do’s and don'ts on designing for different accessibility groups.
*[http://www.sussex.ac.uk/tel/resource/tel_website/accessiblecontrast/?q=FFFFFF~003b49~1d4289~94a596~e56db1~d3273e~00bfb2~d6d2c4~ffc845~dc582a~41b6e6~1b365d~be84a3~5d3754~7da1c4~f2c75c~d0d3d4~007a78~000000 This University of Sussex page] with a few pre-loaded colours can be a very useful tool for this as well. Notice how the [http://www.sussex.ac.uk/tel/resource/tel_website/accessiblecontrast/?q=8f001a~ffffff uOttawa official backdrop colour scores well with white text].
*[https://www.color-blindness.com/coblis-color-blindness-simulator/ This website] allows you to upload a picture and see it through the eyes of someone with colour blindness.

===Different Types of Switches===
A switch is an accessibility tool that can be used to control technology such as computers, smartphones, communication aids, powered wheelchairs, light switches, etc. They are used for people who have limitations in mobility or cognition. Because a switch only has the option of yes/on or no/off, it allows for more precise communication.

The following links are to websites that explain the differences between multiple types of switches. This should be your first step when determining what switch you will use in your design.
* [https://www.perkins.org/resource/introduction-7-common-adaptive-switches/ Introduction to 7 common adaptive switches]
* [https://www.testdevlab.com/blog/adaptive-switches-and-switch-access-in-accessibility-testing Adaptive switches and switch access in accessibility testing]

==== Aux Port Cords ====
Many designs for accessibility involve an aux cord to maneuver switch devices. It’s important to consider that each client or user that will use your prototype will have different needs when it comes to their abilities. Keep in mind of this and ensure you are using as many universally adaptive subsystems as possible like the [https://www.newegg.ca/satellitesale-3-ft-stereo-cables/p/1BJ-007D-00029 Universal aux cord].

[https://www.inclusive.com/collections/hardware-switch-access-technology The Inclusive website] and [https://enablingdevices.com/product-category/switches/ Enabling devices] show a variety of switches and materials to use them.

== Makers Making Change ==
=== Resources ===
Makers making change has many resources for assistive tech. This is a list of beginner friendly tutorials and guides for you to get started on projects.
*[https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/_pages/3D_Printing// 3D Printing]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/_pages/Arduino// Arduino]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/_pages/CAD// CAD]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/_pages/Git_Hub// GitHub]

=== Assistive Devices ===
Makers Making Change also has a website that includes a [https://www.makersmakingchange.com/s/assistive-devices Library] of assistive devices they have had volunteers create for people. This is a great resource for assisting in the design process as well as benchmarking and prototyping existing products.

They have many more Open AT resources that can be explored through this link to their homepage [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/?mc%20cid=49f86fff41. Here]

== Instructables ==
[https://www.instructables.com/ Instructables] is a website that combines tips & tricks of different tools with workshops, designs, crafts, and more! They integrate learning with hands on examples just like your labs!

You can search up any key words like [https://www.instructables.com/search/?q=assistive%20tech&projects=featured Assistive tech] and filter through different tools such as laser cutting and 3D printing.

== Resource Library for Inclusion & Accessibility ==
The Rick Hansen Foundation has an online library full of e-books, lessons, activities, videos, and more on the importance of accessibility. This is a great resource for empathy and perspective for GNG 2101 projects. The library is completely free for anyone to use and can be accessed [https://www.rickhansen.com/schools-communities/resource-library Here].

Professional development/Design thinking/Assistive Tech Resources

2025-07-22T15:59:47Z

Abbywilson13: /* Different Types of Switches */

AT (assistive technology) resources are online tools to help users navigate different learning content and information regarding devices designed for accessibility.

==Accessibility Design Considerations==
Ensure that when you design your UI for clients having accessibility needs, you take into considerations the colours you use.

*[http://colorsafe.co/ This website] and [https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/ this website] based on the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) is a ''great'' resource that was suggested by a client who works in accessibility!
*[https://accessibility.blog.gov.uk/2016/09/02/dos-and-donts-on-designing-for-accessibility/ This website] also has great infographics for do’s and don'ts on designing for different accessibility groups.
*[http://www.sussex.ac.uk/tel/resource/tel_website/accessiblecontrast/?q=FFFFFF~003b49~1d4289~94a596~e56db1~d3273e~00bfb2~d6d2c4~ffc845~dc582a~41b6e6~1b365d~be84a3~5d3754~7da1c4~f2c75c~d0d3d4~007a78~000000 This University of Sussex page] with a few pre-loaded colours can be a very useful tool for this as well. Notice how the [http://www.sussex.ac.uk/tel/resource/tel_website/accessiblecontrast/?q=8f001a~ffffff uOttawa official backdrop colour scores well with white text].
*[https://www.color-blindness.com/coblis-color-blindness-simulator/ This website] allows you to upload a picture and see it through the eyes of someone with colour blindness.

===Different Types of Switches===
The following links are to websites that explain the differences between multiple types of switches. This should be your first step when determining what switch you will use in your design.
* [https://www.perkins.org/resource/introduction-7-common-adaptive-switches/ Introduction to 7 common adaptive switches]
* [https://www.testdevlab.com/blog/adaptive-switches-and-switch-access-in-accessibility-testing Adaptive switches and switch access in accessibility testing]

==== Aux Port Cords ====
Many designs for accessibility involve an aux cord to maneuver switch devices. It’s important to consider that each client or user that will use your prototype will have different needs when it comes to their abilities. Keep in mind of this and ensure you are using as many universally adaptive subsystems as possible like the [https://www.newegg.ca/satellitesale-3-ft-stereo-cables/p/1BJ-007D-00029 Universal aux cord].

[https://www.inclusive.com/collections/hardware-switch-access-technology The Inclusive website] and [https://enablingdevices.com/product-category/switches/ Enabling devices] show a variety of switches and materials to use them.

== Makers Making Change ==
=== Resources ===
Makers making change has many resources for assistive tech. This is a list of beginner friendly tutorials and guides for you to get started on projects.
*[https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/_pages/3D_Printing// 3D Printing]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/_pages/Arduino// Arduino]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/_pages/CAD// CAD]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/_pages/Git_Hub// GitHub]

=== Assistive Devices ===
Makers Making Change also has a website that includes a [https://www.makersmakingchange.com/s/assistive-devices Library] of assistive devices they have had volunteers create for people. This is a great resource for assisting in the design process as well as benchmarking and prototyping existing products.

They have many more Open AT resources that can be explored through this link to their homepage [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/?mc%20cid=49f86fff41. Here]

== Instructables ==
[https://www.instructables.com/ Instructables] is a website that combines tips & tricks of different tools with workshops, designs, crafts, and more! They integrate learning with hands on examples just like your labs!

You can search up any key words like [https://www.instructables.com/search/?q=assistive%20tech&projects=featured Assistive tech] and filter through different tools such as laser cutting and 3D printing.

== Resource Library for Inclusion & Accessibility ==
The Rick Hansen Foundation has an online library full of e-books, lessons, activities, videos, and more on the importance of accessibility. This is a great resource for empathy and perspective for GNG 2101 projects. The library is completely free for anyone to use and can be accessed [https://www.rickhansen.com/schools-communities/resource-library Here].

Professional development/Design thinking/Assistive Tech Resources

2025-07-22T15:57:46Z

Abbywilson13: /* Resources */

AT (assistive technology) resources are online tools to help users navigate different learning content and information regarding devices designed for accessibility.

==Accessibility Design Considerations==
Ensure that when you design your UI for clients having accessibility needs, you take into considerations the colours you use.

*[http://colorsafe.co/ This website] and [https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/ this website] based on the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) is a ''great'' resource that was suggested by a client who works in accessibility!
*[https://accessibility.blog.gov.uk/2016/09/02/dos-and-donts-on-designing-for-accessibility/ This website] also has great infographics for do’s and don'ts on designing for different accessibility groups.
*[http://www.sussex.ac.uk/tel/resource/tel_website/accessiblecontrast/?q=FFFFFF~003b49~1d4289~94a596~e56db1~d3273e~00bfb2~d6d2c4~ffc845~dc582a~41b6e6~1b365d~be84a3~5d3754~7da1c4~f2c75c~d0d3d4~007a78~000000 This University of Sussex page] with a few pre-loaded colours can be a very useful tool for this as well. Notice how the [http://www.sussex.ac.uk/tel/resource/tel_website/accessiblecontrast/?q=8f001a~ffffff uOttawa official backdrop colour scores well with white text].
*[https://www.color-blindness.com/coblis-color-blindness-simulator/ This website] allows you to upload a picture and see it through the eyes of someone with colour blindness.

===Different Types of Switches===
The following links are to websites that explain the differences between multiple types of switches. This should be your first step when determining what switch you will use in your design.
* [https://www.perkins.org/resource/introduction-7-common-adaptive-switches/ Introduction to 7 common adaptive switches]
* [https://www.testdevlab.com/blog/adaptive-switches-and-switch-access-in-accessibility-testing Adaptive switches and switch access in accessibility testing]
=== Aux Port Cords ===
Many designs for accessibility involve an aux cord to maneuver switch devices. It’s important to consider that each client or user that will use your prototype will have different needs when it comes to their abilities. Keep in mind of this and ensure you are using as many universally adaptive subsystems as possible like the [https://www.newegg.ca/satellitesale-3-ft-stereo-cables/p/1BJ-007D-00029 Universal aux cord].

[https://www.inclusive.com/collections/hardware-switch-access-technology The Inclusive website] and [https://enablingdevices.com/product-category/switches/ Enabling devices] show a variety of switches and materials to use them.

== Makers Making Change ==
=== Resources ===
Makers making change has many resources for assistive tech. This is a list of beginner friendly tutorials and guides for you to get started on projects.
*[https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/_pages/3D_Printing// 3D Printing]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/_pages/Arduino// Arduino]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/_pages/CAD// CAD]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/_pages/Git_Hub// GitHub]

=== Assistive Devices ===
Makers Making Change also has a website that includes a [https://www.makersmakingchange.com/s/assistive-devices Library] of assistive devices they have had volunteers create for people. This is a great resource for assisting in the design process as well as benchmarking and prototyping existing products.

They have many more Open AT resources that can be explored through this link to their homepage [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/?mc%20cid=49f86fff41. Here]

== Instructables ==
[https://www.instructables.com/ Instructables] is a website that combines tips & tricks of different tools with workshops, designs, crafts, and more! They integrate learning with hands on examples just like your labs!

You can search up any key words like [https://www.instructables.com/search/?q=assistive%20tech&projects=featured Assistive tech] and filter through different tools such as laser cutting and 3D printing.

== Resource Library for Inclusion & Accessibility ==
The Rick Hansen Foundation has an online library full of e-books, lessons, activities, videos, and more on the importance of accessibility. This is a great resource for empathy and perspective for GNG 2101 projects. The library is completely free for anyone to use and can be accessed [https://www.rickhansen.com/schools-communities/resource-library Here].

Professional development/Design thinking/Assistive Tech Resources

2025-07-22T15:55:54Z

Abbywilson13: /* Resources */

AT (assistive technology) resources are online tools to help users navigate different learning content and information regarding devices designed for accessibility.

==Accessibility Design Considerations==
Ensure that when you design your UI for clients having accessibility needs, you take into considerations the colours you use.

*[http://colorsafe.co/ This website] and [https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/ this website] based on the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) is a ''great'' resource that was suggested by a client who works in accessibility!
*[https://accessibility.blog.gov.uk/2016/09/02/dos-and-donts-on-designing-for-accessibility/ This website] also has great infographics for do’s and don'ts on designing for different accessibility groups.
*[http://www.sussex.ac.uk/tel/resource/tel_website/accessiblecontrast/?q=FFFFFF~003b49~1d4289~94a596~e56db1~d3273e~00bfb2~d6d2c4~ffc845~dc582a~41b6e6~1b365d~be84a3~5d3754~7da1c4~f2c75c~d0d3d4~007a78~000000 This University of Sussex page] with a few pre-loaded colours can be a very useful tool for this as well. Notice how the [http://www.sussex.ac.uk/tel/resource/tel_website/accessiblecontrast/?q=8f001a~ffffff uOttawa official backdrop colour scores well with white text].
*[https://www.color-blindness.com/coblis-color-blindness-simulator/ This website] allows you to upload a picture and see it through the eyes of someone with colour blindness.

===Different Types of Switches===
The following links are to websites that explain the differences between multiple types of switches. This should be your first step when determining what switch you will use in your design.
* [https://www.perkins.org/resource/introduction-7-common-adaptive-switches/ Introduction to 7 common adaptive switches]
* [https://www.testdevlab.com/blog/adaptive-switches-and-switch-access-in-accessibility-testing Adaptive switches and switch access in accessibility testing]
=== Aux Port Cords ===
Many designs for accessibility involve an aux cord to maneuver switch devices. It’s important to consider that each client or user that will use your prototype will have different needs when it comes to their abilities. Keep in mind of this and ensure you are using as many universally adaptive subsystems as possible like the [https://www.newegg.ca/satellitesale-3-ft-stereo-cables/p/1BJ-007D-00029 Universal aux cord].

[https://www.inclusive.com/collections/hardware-switch-access-technology The Inclusive website] and [https://enablingdevices.com/product-category/switches/ Enabling devices] show a variety of switches and materials to use them.

== Makers Making Change ==
=== Resources ===
Makers making change has many resources for assistive tech. This is a list of beginner friendly tutorials and guides for you to get started on projects.
*[https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/_pages/3D_Printing// 3D Printing]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/%20pages/Arduino/ Arduino]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/%20pages/CAD/ CAD]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/%20pages/Git%20Hub/ GitHub]

=== Assistive Devices ===
Makers Making Change also has a website that includes a [https://www.makersmakingchange.com/s/assistive-devices Library] of assistive devices they have had volunteers create for people. This is a great resource for assisting in the design process as well as benchmarking and prototyping existing products.

They have many more Open AT resources that can be explored through this link to their homepage [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/?mc%20cid=49f86fff41. Here]

== Instructables ==
[https://www.instructables.com/ Instructables] is a website that combines tips & tricks of different tools with workshops, designs, crafts, and more! They integrate learning with hands on examples just like your labs!

You can search up any key words like [https://www.instructables.com/search/?q=assistive%20tech&projects=featured Assistive tech] and filter through different tools such as laser cutting and 3D printing.

== Resource Library for Inclusion & Accessibility ==
The Rick Hansen Foundation has an online library full of e-books, lessons, activities, videos, and more on the importance of accessibility. This is a great resource for empathy and perspective for GNG 2101 projects. The library is completely free for anyone to use and can be accessed [https://www.rickhansen.com/schools-communities/resource-library Here].

Professional development/Design thinking/Assistive Tech Resources

2025-07-16T14:01:34Z

Abbywilson13: /* Aux Port Switches */

AT (assistive technology) resources are online tools to help users navigate different learning content and information regarding devices designed for accessibility.

==Accessibility Design Considerations==
Ensure that when you design your UI for clients having accessibility needs, you take into considerations the colours you use.

*[http://colorsafe.co/ This website] and [https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/ this website] based on the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) is a ''great'' resource that was suggested by a client who works in accessibility!
*[https://accessibility.blog.gov.uk/2016/09/02/dos-and-donts-on-designing-for-accessibility/ This website] also has great infographics for do’s and don'ts on designing for different accessibility groups.
*[http://www.sussex.ac.uk/tel/resource/tel_website/accessiblecontrast/?q=FFFFFF~003b49~1d4289~94a596~e56db1~d3273e~00bfb2~d6d2c4~ffc845~dc582a~41b6e6~1b365d~be84a3~5d3754~7da1c4~f2c75c~d0d3d4~007a78~000000 This University of Sussex page] with a few pre-loaded colours can be a very useful tool for this as well. Notice how the [http://www.sussex.ac.uk/tel/resource/tel_website/accessiblecontrast/?q=8f001a~ffffff uOttawa official backdrop colour scores well with white text].
*[https://www.color-blindness.com/coblis-color-blindness-simulator/ This website] allows you to upload a picture and see it through the eyes of someone with colour blindness.

===Different Types of Switches===
The following links are to websites that explain the differences between multiple types of switches. This should be your first step when determining what switch you will use in your design.
* [https://www.perkins.org/resource/introduction-7-common-adaptive-switches/ Introduction to 7 common adaptive switches]
* [https://www.testdevlab.com/blog/adaptive-switches-and-switch-access-in-accessibility-testing Adaptive switches and switch access in accessibility testing]
=== Aux Port Cords ===
Many designs for accessibility involve an aux cord to maneuver switch devices. It’s important to consider that each client or user that will use your prototype will have different needs when it comes to their abilities. Keep in mind of this and ensure you are using an many universally adaptive subsystems as possible like the [https://www.newegg.ca/satellitesale-3-ft-stereo-cables/p/1BJ-007D-00029 Universal aux cord].

[https://www.inclusive.com/collections/hardware-switch-access-technology The Inclusive website] and [https://enablingdevices.com/product-category/switches/ Enabling devices] show a variety of switches and materials to use them.

== Makers Making Change ==
=== Resources ===
Makers making change has many resources for assistive tech. This is a list of beginner friendly tutorials and guides for you to get started on projects.
*[https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/%20pages/3D%20Printing/ 3D Printing]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/%20pages/Arduino/ Arduino]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/%20pages/CAD/ CAD]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/%20pages/Git%20Hub/ GitHub]

=== Assistive Devices ===
Makers Making Change also has a website that includes a [https://www.makersmakingchange.com/s/assistive-devices Library] of assistive devices they have had volunteers create for people. This is a great resource for assisting in the design process as well as benchmarking and prototyping existing products.

They have many more Open AT resources that can be explored through this link to their homepage [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/?mc%20cid=49f86fff41. Here]

== Instructables ==
[https://www.instructables.com/ Instructables] is a website that combines tips & tricks of different tools with workshops, designs, crafts, and more! They integrate learning with hands on examples just like your labs!

You can search up any key words like [https://www.instructables.com/search/?q=assistive%20tech&projects=featured Assistive tech] and filter through different tools such as laser cutting and 3D printing.

== Resource Library for Inclusion & Accessibility ==
The Rick Hansen Foundation has an online library full of e-books, lessons, activities, videos, and more on the importance of accessibility. This is a great resource for empathy and perspective for GNG 2101 projects. The library is completely free for anyone to use and can be accessed [https://www.rickhansen.com/schools-communities/resource-library Here].

Professional development/Design thinking/Assistive Tech Resources

2025-07-16T13:59:56Z

Abbywilson13:

AT (assistive technology) resources are online tools to help users navigate different learning content and information regarding devices designed for accessibility.

==Accessibility Design Considerations==
Ensure that when you design your UI for clients having accessibility needs, you take into considerations the colours you use.

*[http://colorsafe.co/ This website] and [https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/ this website] based on the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) is a ''great'' resource that was suggested by a client who works in accessibility!
*[https://accessibility.blog.gov.uk/2016/09/02/dos-and-donts-on-designing-for-accessibility/ This website] also has great infographics for do’s and don'ts on designing for different accessibility groups.
*[http://www.sussex.ac.uk/tel/resource/tel_website/accessiblecontrast/?q=FFFFFF~003b49~1d4289~94a596~e56db1~d3273e~00bfb2~d6d2c4~ffc845~dc582a~41b6e6~1b365d~be84a3~5d3754~7da1c4~f2c75c~d0d3d4~007a78~000000 This University of Sussex page] with a few pre-loaded colours can be a very useful tool for this as well. Notice how the [http://www.sussex.ac.uk/tel/resource/tel_website/accessiblecontrast/?q=8f001a~ffffff uOttawa official backdrop colour scores well with white text].
*[https://www.color-blindness.com/coblis-color-blindness-simulator/ This website] allows you to upload a picture and see it through the eyes of someone with colour blindness.

===Different Types of Switches===
The following links are to websites that explain the differences between multiple types of switches. This should be your first step when determining what switch you will use in your design.
* [https://www.perkins.org/resource/introduction-7-common-adaptive-switches/ Introduction to 7 common adaptive switches]
* [https://www.testdevlab.com/blog/adaptive-switches-and-switch-access-in-accessibility-testing Adaptive switches and switch access in accessibility testing]
=== Aux Port Switches ===
Many designs for accessibility involve an aux cord to maneuver switch devices. It’s important to consider that each client or user that will use your prototype will have different needs when it comes to their abilities. Keep in mind of this and ensure you are using an many universally adaptive subsystems as possible like the [https://www.newegg.ca/satellitesale-3-ft-stereo-cables/p/1BJ-007D-00029 Universal aux cord].

[https://www.inclusive.com/collections/hardware-switch-access-technology The Inclusive website] and [https://enablingdevices.com/product-category/switches/ Enabling devices] show a variety of switches and materials to use them.

== Makers Making Change ==
=== Resources ===
Makers making change has many resources for assistive tech. This is a list of beginner friendly tutorials and guides for you to get started on projects.
*[https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/%20pages/3D%20Printing/ 3D Printing]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/%20pages/Arduino/ Arduino]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/%20pages/CAD/ CAD]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/%20pages/Git%20Hub/ GitHub]

=== Assistive Devices ===
Makers Making Change also has a website that includes a [https://www.makersmakingchange.com/s/assistive-devices Library] of assistive devices they have had volunteers create for people. This is a great resource for assisting in the design process as well as benchmarking and prototyping existing products.

They have many more Open AT resources that can be explored through this link to their homepage [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/?mc%20cid=49f86fff41. Here]

== Instructables ==
[https://www.instructables.com/ Instructables] is a website that combines tips & tricks of different tools with workshops, designs, crafts, and more! They integrate learning with hands on examples just like your labs!

You can search up any key words like [https://www.instructables.com/search/?q=assistive%20tech&projects=featured Assistive tech] and filter through different tools such as laser cutting and 3D printing.

== Resource Library for Inclusion & Accessibility ==
The Rick Hansen Foundation has an online library full of e-books, lessons, activities, videos, and more on the importance of accessibility. This is a great resource for empathy and perspective for GNG 2101 projects. The library is completely free for anyone to use and can be accessed [https://www.rickhansen.com/schools-communities/resource-library Here].

Professional development/Design thinking/Assistive Tech Resources

2025-07-10T21:47:02Z

Abbywilson13:

AT (assistive technology) resources are online tools to help users navigate different learning content and information regarding devices designed for accessibility.

==Accessibility Design Considerations==
Ensure that when you design your UI for clients having accessibility needs, you take into considerations the colours you use.

*[http://colorsafe.co/ This website] and [https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/ this website] based on the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) is a ''great'' resource that was suggested by a client who works in accessibility!
*[https://accessibility.blog.gov.uk/2016/09/02/dos-and-donts-on-designing-for-accessibility/ This website] also has great infographics for dos and don'ts on designing for different accessibility groups.
*[http://www.sussex.ac.uk/tel/resource/tel_website/accessiblecontrast/?q=FFFFFF~003b49~1d4289~94a596~e56db1~d3273e~00bfb2~d6d2c4~ffc845~dc582a~41b6e6~1b365d~be84a3~5d3754~7da1c4~f2c75c~d0d3d4~007a78~000000 This University of Sussex page] with a few pre-loaded colours can be a very useful tool for this as well. Notice how the [http://www.sussex.ac.uk/tel/resource/tel_website/accessiblecontrast/?q=8f001a~ffffff uOttawa official backdrop colour scores well with white text].
*[https://www.color-blindness.com/coblis-color-blindness-simulator/ This website] allows you to upload a picture and see it through the eyes of someone with colour blindness.

===Different Types of Switches===
The following links are to websites that explain the differences between multiple types of switches. This should be your first step when determining what switch you will use in your design.
* [https://www.perkins.org/resource/introduction-7-common-adaptive-switches/ Introduction to 7 common adaptive switches]
* [https://www.testdevlab.com/blog/adaptive-switches-and-switch-access-in-accessibility-testing Adaptive switches and switch access in accessibility testing]
=== Aux Port Switches ===
Many designs for accessibility involve an aux cord to maneuver switch devices. It’s important to consider that each client or user that will use your prototype will have different needs when it comes to their abilities. Keep in mind of this and ensure you are using an many universally adaptive subsystems as possible like the [https://www.newegg.ca/satellitesale-3-ft-stereo-cables/p/1BJ-007D-00029 Universal aux cord].

[https://www.inclusive.com/collections/hardware-switch-access-technology The Inclusive website] and [https://enablingdevices.com/product-category/switches/ Enabling devices] show a variety of switches and materials to use them.

== Makers Making Change ==
=== Resources ===
Makers making change has many resources for assistive tech. This is a list of beginner friendly tutorials and guides for you to get started on projects.
*[https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/%20pages/3D%20Printing/ 3D Printing]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/%20pages/Arduino/ Arduino]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/%20pages/CAD/ CAD]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/%20pages/Git%20Hub/ GitHub]

=== Assistive Devices ===
Makers Making Change also has a website that includes a [https://www.makersmakingchange.com/s/assistive-devices Library] of assistive devices they have had volunteers create for people. This is a great resource for assisting in the design process as well as benchmarking and prototyping existing products.

They have many more Open AT resources that can be explored through this link to their homepage [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/?mc%20cid=49f86fff41. Here]

== Instructables ==
[https://www.instructables.com/ Instructables] is a website that combines tips & tricks of different tools with workshops, designs, crafts, and more! They integrate learning with hands on examples just like your labs!

You can search up any key words like [https://www.instructables.com/search/?q=assistive%20tech&projects=featured Assistive tech] and filter through different tools such as laser cutting and 3D printing.

== Resource Library for Inclusion & Accessibility ==
The Rick Hansen Foundation has an online library full of e-books, lessons, activities, videos, and more on the importance of accessibility. This is a great resource for empathy and perspective for GNG 2101 projects. The library is completely free for anyone to use and can be accessed [https://www.rickhansen.com/schools-communities/resource-library Here].

Main Page

2025-07-10T21:46:05Z

Abbywilson13:

<ref>A</ref>[[File:CEED-black.png|center|400x400px]]
<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 3em; margin-top: 1em;">Welcome to the CEED Wiki! </div>

==Our Spaces==

=== Richard L'Abbé MakerSpace ===
In the [[Digital technologies|digital technologies page]] you will find information on various technologies like 3D printing, laser cutting, arduino, soldering, virtual reality and CNC embroidery.

===Brunsfield Center===
[[The Brunsfield Center]] (STEM 129) is a student lead machine shop where staff and students can work with manufacturing equipment to bring their designs to life at no charge. The space consists of a large open concept room equipped with a range of traditional machine shop equipment such as Mills, Lathes, Bandsaws, Drill Presses and even welding and fabrication tools.

The [[Manufacturing Training Center]] (MTC) (STEM 137) is adjacent to Brunsfield and serves as a hub for conducting [[Manufacturing Training Center/Shop Trainings|shop trainings]], as well as housing our state-of-the-art HAAS CNC mill and lathe.

[[Manufacturing Training Center/The Wood Room|The Wood Room]] (STEM 134) is a small room sandwiched between MTC and Brunsfield, across from JMTS. It house all of our wood working equipment, including some larger CNC routers.

===Professional development===
In the [[Professional development|professional development page]] you will find information on various subjects like design thinking, entrepreneurship basics, project management and effective communication.

=== John McIntyre Teams Space (JMTS) ===
Located across the hall from Brunsfield, JMTS (STEM 128) houses the faculty Competitive Engineering Teams.

==General Resources==

*[[Microsoft Products]]
*[[Connecting to uOttawa Zoom]]
*[[Assistive Tech]]<nowiki/>[[Assistive Tech|nology]]

==MakerRepo Resources==

*[[How to submit a project to MakerRepo]]
*[[How to submit an Order Request]]
*[[How to pay for an Order]]

==Wiki Resources==

*[[Translating this wiki]]

==GNG Labs tips==

*[[GNG1103]]
*[[GNG2101]]

Main Page

2025-07-10T21:45:21Z

Abbywilson13:

<ref>A</ref>[[File:CEED-black.png|center|400x400px]]
<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 3em; margin-top: 1em;">Welcome to the CEED Wiki! </div>

==Our Spaces==

=== Richard L'Abbé MakerSpace ===
In the [[Digital technologies|digital technologies page]] you will find information on various technologies like 3D printing, laser cutting, arduino, soldering, virtual reality and CNC embroidery.

===Brunsfield Center===
[[The Brunsfield Center]] (STEM 129) is a student lead machine shop where staff and students can work with manufacturing equipment to bring their designs to life at no charge. The space consists of a large open concept room equipped with a range of traditional machine shop equipment such as Mills, Lathes, Bandsaws, Drill Presses and even welding and fabrication tools.

The [[Manufacturing Training Center]] (MTC) (STEM 137) is adjacent to Brunsfield and serves as a hub for conducting [[Manufacturing Training Center/Shop Trainings|shop trainings]], as well as housing our state-of-the-art HAAS CNC mill and lathe.

[[Manufacturing Training Center/The Wood Room|The Wood Room]] (STEM 134) is a small room sandwiched between MTC and Brunsfield, across from JMTS. It house all of our wood working equipment, including some larger CNC routers.

===Professional development===
In the [[Professional development|professional development page]] you will find information on various subjects like design thinking, entrepreneurship basics, project management and effective communication.

=== John McIntyre Teams Space (JMTS) ===
Located across the hall from Brunsfield, JMTS (STEM 128) houses the faculty Competitive Engineering Teams.

==General Resources==

*[[Microsoft Products]]
*[[Connecting to uOttawa Zoom]]
*[[Assistive Tech]]<nowiki/>nology

==MakerRepo Resources==

*[[How to submit a project to MakerRepo]]
*[[How to submit an Order Request]]
*[[How to pay for an Order]]

==Wiki Resources==

*[[Translating this wiki]]

==GNG Labs tips==

*[[GNG1103]]
*[[GNG2101]]

Professional development/Design thinking/Assistive Tech Resources

2025-07-10T20:31:31Z

Abbywilson13:

AT (assistive technology) resources are online tools to help users navigate different learning content and information regarding devices designed for accessibility.

== Makers Making Change ==
=== Resources ===
Makers making change has many resources for assistive tech. This is a list of beginner friendly tutorials and guides for you to get started on projects.
*[https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/%20pages/3D%20Printing/ 3D Printing]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/%20pages/Arduino/ Arduino]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/%20pages/CAD/ CAD]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/%20pages/Git%20Hub/ GitHub]

=== Assistive Devices ===
Makers Making Change also has a website that includes a [https://www.makersmakingchange.com/s/assistive-devices Library] of assistive devices they have had volunteers create for people. This is a great resource for assisting in the design process as well as benchmarking and prototyping existing products.

They have many more Open AT resources that can be explored through this link to their homepage [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/?mc%20cid=49f86fff41. Here]

== Instructables ==
[https://www.instructables.com/ Instructables] is a website that combines tips & tricks of different tools with workshops, designs, crafts, and more! They integrate learning with hands on examples just like your labs!

You can search up any key words like [https://www.instructables.com/search/?q=assistive%20tech&projects=featured Assistive tech] and filter through different tools such as laser cutting and 3D printing.

== Resource Library for Inclusion & Accessibility ==
The Rick Hansen Foundation has an online library full of e-books, lessons, activities, videos, and more on the importance of accessibility. This is a great resource for empathy and perspective for GNG 2101 projects. The library is completely free for anyone to use and can be accessed [https://www.rickhansen.com/schools-communities/resource-library Here].

==Accessibility Design Considerations==
Ensure that when you design your UI for clients having accessibility needs, you take into considerations the colours you use.

*[http://colorsafe.co/ This website] and [https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/ this website] based on the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) is a ''great'' resource that was suggested by a client who works in accessibility!
*[https://accessibility.blog.gov.uk/2016/09/02/dos-and-donts-on-designing-for-accessibility/ This website] also has great infographics for dos and don'ts on designing for different accessibility groups.
*[http://www.sussex.ac.uk/tel/resource/tel_website/accessiblecontrast/?q=FFFFFF~003b49~1d4289~94a596~e56db1~d3273e~00bfb2~d6d2c4~ffc845~dc582a~41b6e6~1b365d~be84a3~5d3754~7da1c4~f2c75c~d0d3d4~007a78~000000 This University of Sussex page] with a few pre-loaded colours can be a very useful tool for this as well. Notice how the [http://www.sussex.ac.uk/tel/resource/tel_website/accessiblecontrast/?q=8f001a~ffffff uOttawa official backdrop colour scores well with white text].
*[https://www.color-blindness.com/coblis-color-blindness-simulator/ This website] allows you to upload a picture and see it through the eyes of someone with colour blindness.

===Different Types of Switches===
The following links are to websites that explain the differences between multiple types of switches. This should be your first step when determining what switch you will use in your design.
* [https://www.perkins.org/resource/introduction-7-common-adaptive-switches/ Introduction to 7 common adaptive switches]
* [https://www.testdevlab.com/blog/adaptive-switches-and-switch-access-in-accessibility-testing Adaptive switches and switch access in accessibility testing]
=== Aux Port Switches ===
Many designs for accessibility involve an aux cord to maneuver switch devices. It’s important to consider that each client or user that will use your prototype will have different needs when it comes to their abilities. Keep in mind of this and ensure you are using an many universally adaptive subsystems as possible like the [https://www.newegg.ca/satellitesale-3-ft-stereo-cables/p/1BJ-007D-00029 Universal aux cord].

[https://www.inclusive.com/collections/hardware-switch-access-technology The Inclusive website] and [https://enablingdevices.com/product-category/switches/ Enabling devices] show a variety of switches and materials to use them.

Professional development/Design thinking/Assistive Tech Resources

2025-07-10T16:17:24Z

Abbywilson13:

AT (assistive tech) resources are online accessibility tools to help users navigate different learning content and information regarding devices designed for accessibility.

== Makers Making Change ==
=== Resources ===
Makers making change has many resources for assistive tech. This is a list of beginner friendly tutorials and guides for you to get started on projects.
*[https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/%20pages/3D%20Printing/ 3D Printing]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/%20pages/Arduino/ Arduino]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/%20pages/CAD/ CAD]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/%20pages/Git%20Hub/ GitHub]

=== Assistive Devices ===
Makers Making Change also has a website that includes a [https://www.makersmakingchange.com/s/assistive-devices Library] of assistive devices they have had volunteers create for people. This is a great resource for assisting in the design process as well as benchmarking and prototyping existing products.

They have many more Open AT resources that can be explored through this link to their homepage [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/?mc%20cid=49f86fff41. Here]

== Instructables ==
[https://www.instructables.com/ Instructables] is a website that combines tips & tricks of different tools with workshops, designs, crafts, and more! They integrate learning with hands on examples just like your labs!

You can search up any key words like [https://www.instructables.com/search/?q=assistive%20tech&projects=featured Assistive tech] and filter through different tools such as laser cutting and 3D printing.

== Resource Library for Inclusion & Accessibility ==
The Rick Hansen Foundation has an online library full of e-books, lessons, activities, videos, and more on the importance of accessibility. This is a great resource for empathy and perspective for GNG 2101 projects. The library is completely free for anyone to use and can be accessed [https://www.rickhansen.com/schools-communities/resource-library Here].

==Accessibility Design Considerations==
Ensure that when you design your UI for clients having accessibility needs, you take into considerations the colours you use.

*[http://colorsafe.co/ This website] and [https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/ this website] based on the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) is a ''great'' resource that was suggested by a client who works in accessibility!
*[https://accessibility.blog.gov.uk/2016/09/02/dos-and-donts-on-designing-for-accessibility/ This website] also has great infographics for dos and don'ts on designing for different accessibility groups.
*[http://www.sussex.ac.uk/tel/resource/tel_website/accessiblecontrast/?q=FFFFFF~003b49~1d4289~94a596~e56db1~d3273e~00bfb2~d6d2c4~ffc845~dc582a~41b6e6~1b365d~be84a3~5d3754~7da1c4~f2c75c~d0d3d4~007a78~000000 This University of Sussex page] with a few pre-loaded colours can be a very useful tool for this as well. Notice how the [http://www.sussex.ac.uk/tel/resource/tel_website/accessiblecontrast/?q=8f001a~ffffff uOttawa official backdrop colour scores well with white text].
*[https://www.color-blindness.com/coblis-color-blindness-simulator/ This website] allows you to upload a picture and see it through the eyes of someone with colour blindness.

===Different Types of Switches===
The following links are to websites that explain the differences between multiple types of switches. This should be your first step when determining what switch you will use in your design.
* [https://www.perkins.org/resource/introduction-7-common-adaptive-switches/ Introduction to 7 common adaptive switches]
* [https://www.testdevlab.com/blog/adaptive-switches-and-switch-access-in-accessibility-testing Adaptive switches and switch access in accessibility testing]
=== Aux Port Switches ===
Many designs for accessibility involve an aux cord to maneuver switch devices. It’s important to consider that each client or user that will use your prototype will have different needs when it comes to their abilities. Keep in mind of this and ensure you are using an many universally adaptive subsystems as possible like the [https://www.newegg.ca/satellitesale-3-ft-stereo-cables/p/1BJ-007D-00029 Universal aux cord].

[https://www.inclusive.com/collections/hardware-switch-access-technology The Inclusive website] and [https://enablingdevices.com/product-category/switches/ Enabling devices] show a variety of switches and materials to use them.

Professional development/Design thinking/Assistive Tech Resources

2025-07-10T16:05:44Z

Abbywilson13:

AT (assistive tech) resources are online accessibility tools to help users navigate different learning content.

== Makers Making Change ==
=== Resources ===
Makers making change has many resources for assistive tech. This is a list of beginner friendly tutorials and guides for you to get started on projects.
*[https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/%20pages/3D%20Printing/ 3D Printing]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/%20pages/Arduino/ Arduino]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/%20pages/CAD/ CAD]
* [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/%20pages/Git%20Hub/ GitHub]

=== Assistive Devices ===
Makers Making Change also has a website that includes a [https://www.makersmakingchange.com/s/assistive-devices Library] of assistive devices they have had volunteers create for people. This is a great resource for assisting in the design process as well as benchmarking and prototyping existing products.

They have many more Open AT resources that can be explored through this link to their homepage [https://makersmakingchange.github.io/OpenAT-Resources/?mc%20cid=49f86fff41. Here]

== Instructables ==
[https://www.instructables.com/ Instructables] is a website that combines tips & tricks of different tools with workshops, designs, crafts, and more! They integrate learning with hands on examples just like your labs!

You can search up any key words like [https://www.instructables.com/search/?q=assistive%20tech&projects=featured Assistive tech] and filter through different tools such as laser cutting and 3D printing.

== Resource Library for Inclusion & Accessibility ==
The Rick Hansen Foundation has an online library full of e-books, lessons, activities, videos, and more on the importance of accessibility. This is a great resource for empathy and perspective for GNG 2101 projects. The library is completely free for anyone to use and can be accessed [https://www.rickhansen.com/schools-communities/resource-library Here].

==Accessibility Design Considerations==
Ensure that when you design your UI for clients having accessibility needs, you take into considerations the colours you use.

*[http://colorsafe.co/ This website] and [https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/ this website] based on the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) is a ''great'' resource that was suggested by a client who works in accessibility!
*[https://accessibility.blog.gov.uk/2016/09/02/dos-and-donts-on-designing-for-accessibility/ This website] also has great infographics for dos and don'ts on designing for different accessibility groups.
*[http://www.sussex.ac.uk/tel/resource/tel_website/accessiblecontrast/?q=FFFFFF~003b49~1d4289~94a596~e56db1~d3273e~00bfb2~d6d2c4~ffc845~dc582a~41b6e6~1b365d~be84a3~5d3754~7da1c4~f2c75c~d0d3d4~007a78~000000 This University of Sussex page] with a few pre-loaded colours can be a very useful tool for this as well. Notice how the [http://www.sussex.ac.uk/tel/resource/tel_website/accessiblecontrast/?q=8f001a~ffffff uOttawa official backdrop colour scores well with white text].
*[https://www.color-blindness.com/coblis-color-blindness-simulator/ This website] allows you to upload a picture and see it though the eyes of someone with color blindness.

=== Aux Port Switches ===
Many designs for accessibility involve an aux cord to maneuver switch devices. It’s important to consider that each client or user that will use your prototype will have different needs when it comes to their abilities. Keep in mind of this and ensure you are using an many universally adaptive subsystems as possible like the [https://www.newegg.ca/satellitesale-3-ft-stereo-cables/p/1BJ-007D-00029 Universal aux cord].

[https://www.inclusive.com/collections/hardware-switch-access-technology The Inclusive website] shows a variety of switches and materials to use them.

===Different Types of Switches===
The following links are to websites that explain the differences between multiple types of switches. This should be your first step when determining what switch you will use in your design.
* [https://www.perkins.org/resource/introduction-7-common-adaptive-switches/ Introduction to 7 common adaptive switches ]
* [https://www.testdevlab.com/blog/adaptive-switches-and-switch-access-in-accessibility-testing Adaptive switches and switch access in accessibility testing]

Professional development/Design thinking/Assistive Tech Resources

2025-07-10T15:57:49Z

Abbywilson13: /* Accessibility Design Considerations */

Professional development/Design thinking/Assistive Tech Resources

2025-07-10T15:54:10Z

Abbywilson13: